Waterfowl Agents

This list page enables you to scroll down the agents associated with disease in waterfowl; the agents are grouped together with similar agents e.g. all nematodes are in the group "Roundworms, Acanthocephalans, Tapeworms & Flukes", and arranged by alphabetical order within the groups.

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Please note - alternative names for diseases and agents are provided next to the hyperlinks.

INDEX

• Avian Reoviruses (Types 1 - 11): Reoviridae(Myocarditis Virus of Geese, Muscovy Duck Reovirus.)

• Reovirus Infection (Infection Myocarditis of Geese, Myocarditis Virus Infection of Geese, Muscovy Duck Reovirus Infection.)

• Avian Reticuloendotheliosis virus: Retroviridae(Duck infectious anaemia virus, Spleen necrosis virus, Twiehaus-strain reticuloendotheliosis virus, C-type retrovirus Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Hungary-2 (REV-H-2))

• Reticuloendotheliosis (Duck Infectious Anaemia Virus Infection, Spleen Necrosis Virus Infection)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)

• Avian encephalomyelitis virus: Picornaviridae(AEV)

• Avian Encephalomyelitis (Epidemic tremor)

• Canarypox virus: Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Duck Enteritis Virus: Herpesviridae(Duck enteritis herpesvirus (DEHV), Duck enteritis virus (DEV), Duck plague virus, Anatid Herpesvirus, Avian herpesvirus 2)

• Duck Plague (Duck virus enteritis, DVE, Anatid herpesvirus infection, Avian herpesvirus type 2 infection, Peste du canard, L’entérite ŕ virus du canard, Eendenpest, Entenpest)

• Duck Hepatitis B virus: Hepadnaviridae (DHBV)

• Duck Hepatitis B Infection ( Duck Hepatitis B Virus Infection, DHBV Infection)

• Duck hepatitis virus type 1: Picornaviridae

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 1

• Duck hepatitis virus type 2: Unassigned Astrovirus(Duck hepatitis virus type 2, (DHV2) an astrovirus; duck astrovirus)

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 2

• Duck hepatitis virus type 3: Picornaviridae

• Duck Viral Hepatitis Type 3

• Duck adenovirus 2: Adenoviridae

• Adenovirus Infection (Egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS-76), Haemagglutinating adenovirus infection, Avian adenovirus 127 infection, Muscovy duck adenovirus infection)

• Eastern equine encephalitis virus: Togaviridae (EEE)

• Eastern Equine Encephalitis (Eastern encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern encephalomyelitis, EEE, EE)

• Egg drop syndrome (EDS) '76 virus : Adenoviridae

• Adenovirus Infection (Egg drop syndrome 76 (EDS-76), Haemagglutinating adenovirus infection, Avian adenovirus 127 infection, Muscovy duck adenovirus infection)
• Dead-in-Shell

• Fowlpox virus: Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Goose parvovirus: Parvoviridae

• Goose Parvovirus Infection (Derzsy's Disease, Parvovirus infection of geese, Parvovirus infection of Muscovy ducks, Muscovy duck parvovirus, Goose viral hepatitis, Goose influenza, ‘so-called goose influenza, Goose plague, Gosling plague, Goose enteritis, Infectious myocarditis, Ascitic-hepato-nephritis)

• Influenza A virus: Orthomyxoviridae

• Avian Influenza (Fowl pest, Fowl plague, Avian influenza A)

• Murray Valley Encephalitis virus: Flaviviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Muscovy duck parvovirus:   Parvoviridae(Duck Parvovirus)

• Muscovy Duck Parvovirus infection (Muscovy duck disease)

• Newcastle Disease Virus: Paramyxoviridae(Paramyxovirus-1, Avian Paramyxovirus type 1, NDV)

• Newcastle Disease (Newcastle's Disease, ND, Paramyxovirus-1 infection, VVND (viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease), NVND (neurotropic velogenic Newcastle disease))

• St Louis Encephalitis virus: Flaviviridae (SLEV)

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Turkeypox virus: Poxviridae

• Avian Pox (Poxvirus infection, Fowl pox, Contagious epithelioma, Avian diphtheria (‘wet’ form of avian pox), Molluscum contagiosum, Geflugelpocken, Virula aviare, Variole aviare)

• Ockelbo virus: Togaviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Rabies virus: Rhabdoviridae

• Rabies

• Sindbis virus: Togaviridae

• Miscellaneous Arbovirus Infections (St. Louis Encephalitis Infection (SLE) (J1.28.w6), Ockelbo Virus Infection (J1.29.w4), Sindbis Infection and Murray Valley Encephalitis Infection (J24.49.w2).)

• Transmissible Bursal Disease Agent

Agent not identified - presumed viral.

• Transmissible Bursal Disease

• Western equine encephalitis virus: Togaviridae(WEE)

• Western Equine Encephalitis (Western encephalitis, Western equine encephalomyelitis, Western encephalomyelitis, WEE, WE)

• Flaviviridae: West Nile Virus (WN virus, WNV)

• West Nile Virus disease (West Nile Fever, WNV Disease, West Nile, West Nile enteritis, West Nile viral enteritis, Near Eastern equine encephalitis, Lourdige)

• Acinetobacter spp.

• Acinetobacter Infection

• Acholeplasma axanthum
• Acholeplasma laidlawii

• Mycoplasma Infection (Mycoplasmal sinusitis, Mycoplasmal tenosynovitis, Mycoplasmal air-sacculitis, Acholeplasma Infection)

• Actinobacillus spp.
• Actinobacillus suis

• Actinobacillus Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Aeromonas hydrophila (Bacillus hydrophilus)

• Aeromonas Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Bacillus anthracis

• Anthrax (Milzbrand (German), Charbon (French).)

• Bordetella avium (Bordetella bronchiseptica-like organism)

• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Borrelia anserina (Spirochaeta anserini, Spiroschaudinnia anserina, Treponema spp., Borrelia gallinarum, Spirochaeta gallinarum, Spironema gallinarum.)

• Borreliosis (Goose septicaemia, Spirochetosis, Fowl Spirochetosis, Avian Spirochaetosis)

• Campylobacter spp.
• Campylobacter jejuni (Campylobacter fetus var jejuni, Vibrio jejuni, Vibrio hepaticus)

• Campylobacter Infection (Campylobacteriosis)

• Chlamydia spp.
• Chlamydia psittaci (Chlamydophila psittaci)

• Chlamydiosis / Psittacosis (Ornithosis)
• Chlamydia spp.
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Citrobacter freundii (Escherichia freundii, Colobactrum freundii, Paracolobactrum intermedium, Salmonella ballerup, Salmonella hormaechei, Bacterium freundii)

• Citrobacter Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Clostridium botulinum (Bacillus botulinus)

• Avian Botulism (Limberneck, Western duck sickness, Duck disease, Alkali poisoning

• Clostridium perfringens (Bacillus perfringens, Bacterium welchii, Clostridium welchii, Bacillus aerogenes capsulatus)

• Necrotising Enteritis (Haemorrhagic enteritis, Necrotic enteritis, Necrohaemorrhagic enteritis, Clostridial enteritis, 'Rot gut')

• Cyanobacteria / Blue-green algae
  - Anabaena spp.
  - Aphanizomenom spp.
  - Cylindrospermum spp.
  - Microcystis spp.
  - Nodularia spp.
  - Nostoc spp.
  - Oscillaria spp.

• Blue-Green Algae Toxicity (Cyanobacteria toxicosis, Phycotoxicosis, algal toxicosis)

• Enterococcus avium (Streptococcus faecalis)
• Enterococcus durans (Streptococcus duran, Enterococcus durans)
• Enterococcus faecalis (Streptococcus faecalis)
• Enterococcus faecium (Streptococcus faecium)

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Streptococcosis (Streptococcal Infection, Streptococcus Infection)

• Escherichia coli

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Colibacillosis (Escherichia coli septicaemia, Escherichia coli septicemia, E. coli septicaemia, Coli bacillosis, Colisepticaemia, Colisepticemia)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Egg Peritonitis (Egg Yolk Peritonitis, Egg-related Septic Peritonitis)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (Bacillus rhusiopathiae-suis, Bacterium arysipelatos-suum, Bacterium rhusiopathiae, Erysipelothrix insidiosa, Swine rotlauf bacillus.)

• Erysipelothrix infection (Erysipelas Infection, Erysipelothrix, Erysipelas, Diamond skin disease (Pigs))
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)

• Flavobacterium spp.

• Flavobacterium Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Listeria spp.
• Listeria monocytogenes (Bacterium monocytogenes)

• Listeriosis (Listeric infection, Circling disease, Listeria monocytogenes Infection)

• Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAIC, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), MAI Complex, Mycobacterium avium- Mycobacterium intracellulare Complex, Mycobacterium avium, Avian tubercle bacillus; Mycobacterium intracellulare; Battey bacillus Nocardia intracellularis, Mycobacterium intracellularis)

• Avian Tuberculosis (Avian TB, Mycobacteriois, Tuberculosis, TB)
• Cataracts

• Mycoplasma spp.
• Mycoplasma anatis
• Mycoplasma bovis
• Mycoplasma cloacale
• Mycoplasma columbinum
• Mycoplasma gallinaceum
• Mycoplasma gallinarum
• Mycoplasma gallisepticum
• Mycoplasma lipifaciens
• Mycoplasma synoviae

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mycoplasma Infection (Mycoplasmal sinusitis, Mycoplasmal tenosynovitis, Mycoplasmal air-sacculitis, Acholeplasma Infection)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Neisseria-like organism, possibly a mycoplasma

Agent not fully identified - (B15).

• Goose gonorrhoea

• Pasteurella multocida (Pasteurella gallicida, Bacterium multocidum)

• Avian Cholera (Fowl Cholera, Avian Pasteurellosis, Avian Haemorrhagic Septicemia, Pasteurella multocida Infection.)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Proteus spp.
• Proteus vulgaris

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Proteus Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Pseudomonas spp.
• Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacillus of green pus, Pseudomonas pyocyaneus)

• Cloacitis (Vent Gleet)
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Pseudomonas Infection
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Riemerella anatipestifer (Pasteurella anatipestifer, Moraxella anatipestifer, Pfeifferella anatipestifer, Cytophaga anatipestifer.)

• Anatipestifer Infection (New duck disease, Riemerella anatipestifer infection, Pasteurella anatipestifer infection, Moraxella anatipestifer infection, Duck septicaemia, Anatipestifer syndrome, Anatipestifer septicaemia, Infectious serositis, Goose influenza, Septicemia anserum exsudativa)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Salmonella spp.
• Salmonella typhimurium
• Salmonella pullorum
• Salmonella anatum
• Salmonella thompson
• Salmonella paratyphi

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salmonellosis (Salmonella Infection, Keel Disease, Paratyphoid Infection, Paratyphoid)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Salmonella gallinarum

• Fowl Typhoid (Salmonella gallinarum Infection)

• Salmonella pullorum

• Pullorum Disease (Salmonella pullorum Infection , Bacillary white diarrhoea)

• Staphylococcus spp.
• Staphylococcus aureus

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Omphalitis / Yolk Sacculitis (Infected yolk sac, Yolk infection, Omphophlebitis, Yolk sacculitis)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Staphylococcosis (Staphylococcus Infection, Infective Arthritis, Staphylococcal septicaemia, Staphylococcal blood poisoning)

• Streptococcus spp.
• Streptococcus equi
• Streptococcus suis

• Neonatal Septicaemia (Neonatal septicemia)
• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)
• Streptococcosis (Streptococcal Infection, Streptococcus Infection)

• Non-01Vibrio cholerae (Vibrio albensis)
• Vibrio metchnikovi

• Vibriosis (Vibrio cholerae infection, Vibrio metchnikovi infection)

• Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (Bacillus tuberculosis, Bacterium pseudotuberculosis rodentium, Corynebacterium rodentium, Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis)

• Yersiniosis (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Pasteurella pseudotuberculosis)

• Yersinia enterocolitica

• Salpingitis (Oviduct Infection, Oviduct Inflammation)

• Aspergillus spp.
• Aspergillus flavus
• Aspergillus fumigatus
• Aspergillus giganteus
• Aspergillus ochraceus
• Aspergillus parasiticus

(See information on specific diseases for details of which specific fungal species are associated)

• Aflatoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Mycotoxicity, aflatoxicosis, groundnut poisoning, fusariotoxicosis, fusariotoxin poisoning, fusariomycotoxicosis, trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, vomitoxicosis, zearalenone toxicosis, ergotism.)
• Aspergillosis (Brooder pneumonia, Pseudotuberculosis, "Asper" mycosis, Mycotic pneumonia.)
• Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Neoplasias (Tumours)
• Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)

• Candida spp.
• Candida albicans (Oidium albicans, Mycotorula albicans, Monila candida, Monila albicans)

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Candidiasis (Candida infection, Thrush, Crop mycosis, Moniliasis, Sour crop)

• Cladosporium herbarum - Sooty mould

• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Claviceps spp.
• Claviceps purpura

• Ergotism (St. Anthony's fire)

• Fusarium spp.
• Fusarium graminearum
• Fusarium moniliforme
• Fusarium proliferatum
• Fusarium roseum

(See information on specific diseases for details of which specific fungal species are associated)

• Fumonisin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis) (Equine leukoencephalomalacia, Porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome)
• Fusariotoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Fusariotoxin poisoning, Trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, Vomitotoxicosis, Zearalenone toxicosis)
• Moniliformin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Zearalenone Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)

• Microsporum gallinae (Trichophyton gallinae, Achorion gallinae)

• Favus (Fowl favus, Avian ringworm, White comb, Trichophyton gallinae infection, Microsporum gallinae infection)

• Mucor pusillus

• Phycomycosis (Zygomycosis, Mucormycosis, Phycomycotic infection)

• Penicillium spp.
• Penicillium viridicatum
• Penicillium puberulum

• Aflatoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Mycotoxicity, aflatoxicosis, groundnut poisoning, fusariotoxicosis, fusariotoxin poisoning, fusariomycotoxicosis, trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, vomitoxicosis, zearalenone toxicosis, ergotism.)
• Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)
• Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)

• Rhinosporidium seeberi

• Rhinosporidiosis

• Intracellular Yeast-like Organism Infection (Haemoproteus infection, Intracellular spore-forming bacterium infection)

• Amidostomum acutum (Strongylus acutus, Strongylus monodon, Amidostomum monodon, Sclerostoma monodon, Amidostomum chevreuxi, Amidostomum skrjabini, Amidostomum anatinum, Amidostomum fuligulae, Amidostomum biziurae, Amidostomum boschadis, Amidostomum orientale)
• Amidostomum anseris (Ascaris mucronata, Strongylus mucronata, Strongylus anseris, Strongylus nodulosus, Amidostomum nodulosum, Strongylus nodularis, Trichostrongylus nodularis, Spiroptera uncinata, Strongylus monodon, Sclerostomum mucronatum, Sclerostomum anseris, Amidostomum leucopareiae)
• Amidostomum cygni (Amidostomum similis)
• Amidostomum spatulatum

• Gizzard Worm Infection (Stomach worm infection, Ventricular nematodiasis, Amidostomiasis, Ventricular worm infection)
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Apatemon gracilis (Amphistoma gracile, Holostomum gracile, Strigea gracilis, Apatemon gracilis, Tetracotyle gracilis, Holostomum variabile, Holostomum variegatum, Apatemon graciliformis, Cercaria helvetica, Apatemon parvitestis, Apatemon japonicus, Apatemon pellucidus, Cercaria longiremis, Cercaria icnusae, Cercaria pseudoburti, Cercaria okobojensis, Cercaria wansoni)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Aploparaksis furcigera (Taenia furcigera, Dicranotaenia, furcigera, Diplacanthus furcigera, Dilepis furcigera, Hymenolepis furcigera, Drepanidotaenia furcigera, Taenia lineata, Taenia anatis lineata, Taenia trilineata, Taenia rhomboidea, Dicranotaenia rhomboidea, Aploparaksis rhomboidea, Taenia conica, Taenia caecalis, Aploparaksis pseudofurcigera, Haploparaxis japonensis)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Ascaridia galli (Ascaris "teres", Ascaris galli, Ascaris gallopavonis, Fusaria inflexa, Ascaris inflexa, Ascaridia inflexa, Heterakis inflexa, Fusaria strumosa, Ascaris perspicillum, Ascaridia perspicillum, Ascaris gibbosa, Heterakis perspicillum, Ascaris perspicillum, Ascaris funiculus, Heterakis lineata, Ascaridia lineata, Heterakis compressa, Ascaridia compressa, Heterakis brasiliensis, Ascaridia brasiliensis, Heterakis styphlocerca, Ascaridia styphlocerca, Heterakis granulosa, Ascaridia granulosa, Ascaridia magalhaesi, Ascaridia hamia, Ascaridia anseris, Ascaridia compar, Ascaridia sinensis.)

• Ascarida (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Avioserpens sichuanensis
• Avioserpens mosgovoyi
• Avioserpens taiwana (Filaria taiwana, Oshimaia taiwana, Avioserpens denticulophasma, Petroviprocta vigissi.)

• Avioserpens Infection (Subcutaneous Worm Infection, Guinea worm Infection)

• Capillaria anatis (Eucoleus contorta, Trichosoma contortum, Thomix contorta, Capillaria vanelli, Capillaria annulata, Trichocephalus anatis, Trichosoma anatis, Thominx anatis, Capillaria tumida,Capillaria semiteres, Hamularia nodulosa, Trichocephalus capillaris, Trichosoma brevicolle, Trichosoma longicolle, Trichosoma resectum, Trichosoma collare, Capillaria collare, Echinocoelus collare, Thominx collaris, Orthothominx collaris, Trichosoma dubium, Trichosoma retusum, Capillaria corvorum, Cappilaria uruguayensis, Thominx uruguayensis)
• Capillaria contorta (Eucoleus contorta, Trichosoma contortum, Thomix contorta, Capillaria vanelli, Trichosoma dispar, Trichosoma trilobar, Trichosoma longicolle, Trichosoma obtusiusculum, Capillaria perforans, Eucoleus perforans, Thomix perforans, Capillaria lophortygis, Eucoleus lophortygis, Capillaria triloba, Eucoleus raillieti, Thomix raillieti, Capillaria raillieti)

• Capillariasis (Capillaria infection)

• Contracaecum spiculigerum (Ascaris spiculigera, Ascaris variegata, Ascaris mergorum, Ascaris colyborum, Ascaris siluri, Contracaecum siluri, Contracaecum trukestanicum, Contracaecum umiu, Contracaecum himeu)

• Contracaecum (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Corynosoma constrictum (Echinorhynchus striatus, Corynosoma constricta.)
• Corynosoma peposacae

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Cotugnia fastigata

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Cyathocotyle bushiensis (Cercaria bushiensis)

• Cyathocotyl bushiensis (Intestinal Fluke) Infection

• Cyathostoma brantae (Syngamus brantae)
• Cyathostoma bronchialis (Syngamus bronchialis)

• Gapeworm Infection (Tracheal worm infection, Cyathastomiasis, Syngamus infection, Cyathostoma infection)

• Dendritobilharzia pulverulenta (Bilharziella pulverulenta, Dendritobilharzia odhneri, Dendritobilharzia anatinarum)

• Schistosomiasis (Vascular Fluke Infection) (Schistosome Infection, Trichobilharzia infection, Dendritobilharzia infection)

• Diorchis nyrocae (Diorchis skrjabini,Schillerius skrjabini, Diorchis abuladze, Haploparaxis stefanskii)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Echinoparyphium recurvatum (Distoma recurvatum, Echinostoma recurvatum, Echinoparyphium koidzumii, Echinostoma aegyptiaca)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Echinostoma revolutum (Echinosomum revolutum, Fasciola revoluta, Distoma anatis fuscae, Festucaria anatis, Fasciola anatis, Distoma anatis, Distoma echinatum, Echinostoma echinatum,Distoma dilatatum, Echinostoma dilatatum, Distoma cygni oloris, Distoma fulgulae ferinae, Distomum armatum, Echinostoma oxycephalum, Echinostoma mendax, Echinostoma paraulum, Echinostoma echinocephalum, Echinostoma sudanense, Echinostoma acuticauda, Echinostoma armigerum, Echinostoma coalitum, Echinostoma callawayensis, Echinostoma limicoli, Echinostoma cinetorchis, Echinostoma erraticum, Echinostoma microrchis, Echinostoma neglectum, Echinostoma nephrocystis, Echinostoma columbae, Echinostoma miyagawai, Echinostoma robustum, Echinostoma multispinosus, Cercaria trivolvis)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Echinuria spp.
• Echinuria uncinata (Spiroptera uncinata, Filaria uncinata, Dispharagus uncinatus, Acuaria uncinata, Hamannia uncinata, Echinuria jugadornata, Echinuria cygni.)

• Echinuriasis (Acuariasis) (Acuariasis, Acuaria infection, Echinuria infection, Proventricular worm infection)

• Epomidiostomum crami
• Epomidiostomum orispinum (Strongylus anseris, Strongylus orispinus, Epomidiostomum skrjabin, Epomidiostomum vogelsangi)
• Epomidiostomum uncinatum (Strongylus uncinatus, Epomidiostomum anatinum)

• Gizzard Worm Infection (Stomach worm infection, Ventricular nematodiasis, Amidostomiasis, Ventricular worm infection)
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Eustrongylides mergorum (Stongylus mergorum, Spiroptera inflata, Tropidocerca inflata, Tropidurus inflatus, Tetrameres inflata, Microtetrameres inflata, Stongylus papillosis, Stongylus elegans, Hystrichis elegans, Eustrongyloides elegans, Stongylus tubifex, Tropidocerca paradoxa)
• Eustrongylides papillosus (Stongylus papillosus, Eustrongylus papillosus, Hystrichis papillosus)
• Eustrongylides tubifex (Stongylus papillosus, Eustrongylus papillosus, Hystrichis papillosus)

• Eustrongylides Infection (Eustrongylidiasis)

• Filicollis anatis

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Fimbriaria fasciolaris (Taenia anatis, Taenia fasciolaris, Taenia malleus Alyselminthis malleus, Fimbriaria malleus, Halysis malleus, Fimbriaria mitra, Taenia pediformis, Epision plicatus, Notobothrium arcticum, Fimbriaria plana)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Gastrotaenia cygni (Gastrotaenia dogieli, Apora dogieli)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Heterakis dispar (Ascaris dispar, Fusaria dispar, Ganguleterakis dispar, Strongylus acuticaudata, Heterakis caudata, Ganguleterakis caudata, Raillietakis caudata, Heterakis circumvallata, Ganguleterakis circumvallata, Raillietakis circumvallata, Heterakis chenonettae, Heterakis hyperborea, Ganguleterakis hyperboreus, Heterakis hyperboreus, Heterakis papillosa, Heterakis stylosa, Heterakis altaica, Heterakis tenuicaudata)
• Heterakis gallinarum (Ascarides teretes, Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaris gallinae, Ascaris papillosa, Heterakis papillosa, Ascaris phasiani, Ascaris vesicularis, Fusaria reflexa, Ascaris undulosa-striata, Heterakis longecaudata, Heterakis parisi, Heterakis pediocetes)

• Heterakis (Ascarid) Infection (Caecal worm infection, Cecal worm infection, Heterakiosis)

• Hymenolepis collaris (Taenia collari, Taenia collaris, Weinlandia collaris, Microsomacanthus collaris, Dicranotaenia collaris, Sobolevicanthus collaris, Myxolepis collaris, Myxacanthus collaris, Taenia torquata, Halysis torquata, Taenia breviarticulata, Alyselminthus sinuosa, Halysis sinuosa, Taenia sinuosa, Hymenolepis inuata, Drepanidotaenia sinuosa, Taenia infundibuliformis, Taenia anserum, Taenia bairdii)
• Hymenolepis compressa (Taenia compressa, Microsomacanthus compressa, Hymenolepis megarostellis, Hymenolepis solowiowi, Nadejdolepis solowiowi)
• Hymenolepis coronula (Taenia coronula, Dicranotaenia coronula, Drepanidotaenia coronula, Diplacanthus coronula, Lepidotrias coronula, Weinlandia coronula, Hymenolepis megalhystera, Hymenolepis querquedula, Weinlandia querquedula, Dicranotaenia introversa, Weinlandia introversa, Hymenolepis introversa, Dicranotaenia macrostrobiloides, Hymenolepis macrostrobiloides, Weinlandia macrostrobiloides, Hymenolepis sacciperium, Dicranotaenia sacciperium, Hymenolepis anceps, Hymenolepis mergi, Dicranotaenia mergi, Dicranotaenia deglandii, Hymenolepis parvisaccata, Dicranotaenia parvisaccata, Hymenolepis apcaris, Dicranotaenia kutassi, Dicranotaenia pseudocoronula, Hymenolepis makundi, Hymenolepis cameroni)
• Hymenolepis lanceolata (Taenia anseris, Taenia acutissima, Taenia lanceolata, Taenia lanceola. Hyalysis lanceolata, Dilepis lanceolata, Drepanidotaenia lanceolata, Diplacanthus Lanceolata, Taenia anserum, Hymenolepis anserum, Drepanidotaenia lobata)
• Hymenolepis megalops (Cloacotaenia megalops, Taenia anatis-marilae, Taenia megalops, Drepanidotaenia megalops, Weinlandia megalops, Orlovilepis megalops, Taenia cylindrica, Lallum magniparuterina)
• Hymenolepis tenuirostris (Taenia tenuirostris, Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris, Diplacanthus tenuirostris, Dilepis tenuirostris, Microsomacanthus tenuirostris, Monosaccanthes tenuirostris, Taenia krabbei, Taenia conscripta, Hymenolepis tritesticulata, Weinlandia tenuirostris, Drepanidotaenia tenuirostris, Microsomacanthus tenuirostris)

• Cestode Infection (Tapeworm infection, Dwarf tapeworm infection)

• Hyptiasmus arcuatus (Hyptiasmus tumitus, Monostoma arcuatum, Cyclocoelum arcuatum, Hyptiasmus arcuatum, Hyptiasmus laevigatus, Hyptiasmus tumidus, Hyptiasmus oculeus, Transcoelum oculeum, Hyptiasmus magnus, Stossichium magnum, Hyptiasmus coelonodus, Transcoelum sigillum, Hypatiasmus sigillum, Hyptiasmus magniproles, Hyptiasmus theodori, Ophthalmophagus theodori

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Hypoderaeum conoideum (Cuculanus conoideus, Distomum conoideum, Echinostoma conoideum, Hypoderaeum conoideu, Fascoila appendiculata, Distoma oxycephalum, Distoma froelichii, Opisthorchis pianae, Psilochasmus lecithosus, Hypoderaeum sinensis, Hypoderaeum magnocirrusa)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Hystrichis tricolor (Spiroptera tricolor, Strongylus anatis, Strongylus tubifex, Eustrongylus tubiflex, Hystrichis tubiflex, Spiroptera tadornae, Hystrichis orispinus, Hystrichis wedli, Hystrichis neglectus, Hystrichis varispinosus)

• Hystrichus tricolor Infection (Proventricular nematode infection)

• Notocotylus attenuatus

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Orchipedum tracheicola

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Ornithofilaria fallisensis (Splendidofilaria fallensis)

• Microfilarial Infection

• Oxyspirura mansoni (Filaria mansoni, Spiroptera mansoni, Yorkeispirura mansoni, MIcrofilaria seguini, Oxyspirura parvovum)

• Ocular Nematode Infection (Conjunctival nematodiasis, Conjunctival worm infestation, Oxyspirura mansoni infection)

• Philophthalmus gralli (Philopthalmus anatinus, Philopthalmus nyrocae)

• Ocular Fluke Infection (Philophthalmus gralli infection, Oriental eyefluke infection, Ocular trematode infection)

• Polymorphus altmani
• Polymorphus boschadis
• Polymorphus botulus
• Polymorphus magnus
• Polymorphus minutus
• Polymorphus obtusus

• Acanthocephala Infection (Acanthocephaliasis, Thorny-headed worm infection )

• Porrocaecum crassum (Ascaris crassa)
• Porrocaecum ensicaudatum (Fusaria ensicaudata, Ascaris ensicaudata, Ascaris turdi, Ascaris teres, Ascaris sturni, Ascaris cornicis, Ascaris corvi, Fusaria crenata, Fusaria lancea, Ascaris corvi, Spiroptera turdi)

• Porrocaecum (Ascarid) Infection (Intestinal Nematode Infection)

• Prosthogonimus ovatus

• Prosthogonimus (Cloacal Fluke) Infection (Oviduct Fluke Infection)

• Renicola spp.
• Renicola somateriae

• Renal Fluke Infection (Renicola somateriae Infection)

• Sarconema eurycerca

• Heartworm (Sarconema) Infection (Sarconema eurycerca infection, Filariasis)

• Sphaeridiotrema globulus (Distoma globulus, Cercaria helvetica)

• Sphaeridiotrema (Intestinal Fluke) Infection (Trematode-induced ulcerative haemorrhagic enteritis, Trematode infection)

• Streptocara spp.
• Streptocara crassicauda
• Streptocara incognita

• Streptocariasis (Streptocara infection)

• Syngamus trachea

• Gapeworm Infection (Tracheal worm infection, Cyathastomiasis, Syngamus infection, Cyathostoma infection)

• Tetrameres americana (Tetrameres confusa, Tropisurus americana)
• Tetrameres crami (Tropisurus crami, Petrowimeres crami)
• Tetrameres fissispina (Tropidocerca fissispina, Tropisurus fissispina, Petrowimeres fissispina, Acanthophorus tenuis, Tropidocerca tenuis, Acanthophorus horridus, Filaria pulicis, Spiroptera pulicis.)

• Tetrameres Infection

• Trichobilharzia physellae (Cercaria physellae, Pseudobilharziella querquedulae)

• Schistosomiasis (Vascular Fluke Infection) (Schistosome Infection, Trichobilharzia infection, Dendritobilharzia infection)

• Trichostrongylus tenuis (Strongylus tenuis, Strongylus pergracilis, Trichostrongylus pergracilis, Strongylus serratus)

• Trichostrongylus Infection (Trichostrongyliasis)

• Typhlocoelum cucumerinum (Distoma cucumerium, Monostoma cucumerium, Monostoma sarcidiornicola, Monostoma flavum, Typhlocoelum flavum, Typhlocoelum sarcidiornicola, Typhlultimum sarcidiornicola, Tracheophilus sarcidiornicola, Monostoma cymbium, Typhlocoelum obovale , Typhlocoelum reticulare, Typhlocoelum americanum, Typhlocoelum gambense, Typhlocoelum shovellus, Typhlophilus shovellus)
• Typhlocoelum sisowi (Typhlocoelum cymbium, Typhlocoelum cymbius, Haematotrephus cymbius, Tracheophilus cymbium, Tracheophilus cymbius, Typhlocoelum cucumerinum cymbium,Typhlocoelum cucumerinum americanum, Typhlocoelum hepaticum)

• Tracheal Fluke Infection (Orchipedum tracheicola infection, Typhlocoelum infection,Tracheophilus infection)

• Zygocotyle lunata (Amphistoma lunatum, Chiorchis lunatus, Zygocotyle ceratosa, Cercaria poconensis, Solenorchis travassosi, Zygocotyle ceratosa)

• Intestinal Fluke Infestation (Intestinal trematode infection, Echinoparyphium recurvatum infection, Echinostomum revolutum infection, Notocotylus spp infection)

• Haementeria costata

• Theromyzon biannulatum
• Theromyzon cooperi
• Theromyzon maculosum
• Theromyzon occidentale
• Theromyzon rude
• Theromyzon trizonaire
• Theromyzon tessulatum

• Acidoproctus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Anaticola anseris
• Anaticola crassicornis

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Anatoecus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Argas spp.
• Argas miniatus
• Argas persicus - fowl tick
• Argas radiatus
• Argas reflexus
• Argas sanchez

(See information on specific diseases for details of which specific fungal species are associated)

• Borreliosis (Goose septicaemia, Spirochetosis, Fowl Spirochetosis, Avian Spirochaetosis)
• Fowl Tick Infection (Argas persicus infection)
• Tick Paralysis

• Bdellorhynchus spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Bothriometopus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Ciconiphilus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Culicoides spp.
• Culicoides downesi

• Haemoproteus Infection (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)
• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)

• Culiseta spp.
• Culiseta melanura

• Avian Malaria (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)
• Eastern Equine Encepalitis (Eastern encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalomyelitis, Eastern encephalomyelitis, EEE, EE)
• West Nile Virus disease (West Nile Fever, WNV Disease, West Nile, West Nile enteritis, West Nile viral enteritis, Near Eastern equine encephalitis, Lourdige)

• Culicoides spp. (Midges)
• Culicoides downesi (Vector)

• Leucocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)
• Haemoproteus Infection (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)

• Cytodites nudus

• Air Sac Mite Infection (Cytodites nudus infection)

• Dicteisia spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Docophorus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Eureum spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Freyana anserina
• Freyana largifolia

• Feather Mite Infection

• Holomenopon spp.
• Holomenopon acutae
• Holomenopon bohmi
• Holomenopon brevithoracicum
• Holomenopon bucephalae
• Holomenopon cairinae
• Holomenopon clauseni
• Holomenopon clypeilargum
• Holomenopon goliath
• Holomenopon leucoxanthum - Shaft louse
• Holomenopon loomisii
• Holomenopon maxbeieri
• Holomenopon obscurum
• Holomenopon setigerum
• Holomenopon tadornae
• Holomenopon transvaalense

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Ingrassia spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Laminosioptes cysticola

• Subcutaneous Mite Infection (Laminosioptes cysticola infestation)

• Lipeurus spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Ornithobius spp.

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)

• Phormia regina

• Myiasis (Fly larvae infestation, Maggot infestation)

• Rectijanua spp.

• Feather Mite Infection

• Rhinonyssus spp.
• Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum

• Nasal Mite Infection (Rhinonyssus Infection)

• Simulium spp.
• Simulium anatinum
• Simulium innocens
• Simulium rugglesi
• Simulium venustum

• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)
• Simulium Infection (Black-fly infestation)

• Trinoton spp.
• Trinaton anserinum
• Trinoton querquedula

• Feather Lice Infection (Chewing Lice Infection, Mallophaga Infection)
• Heartworm (Sarconema) Infection (Sarconema eurycerca infection, Filariasis)

• Wohlfahrtia opaca

• Myiasis (Fly larvae infestation, Maggot infestation)

• Womersia strandmani

• Chiggers (Trombiculiasis) (In Waterfowl, Hedgehogs and Bears) (Chiggers Infection, Chiggers-associated Dermatitis)

• Chylomastix spp. (Chylomastix gallinarium) (Chylomastix gallinarium)

• Chylomastix gallinarum (Flagellate) Infection

• Cryptosporidium spp. (Cryptosporidium baileyi)

• Cryptosporidiosis (Cryptosporidium sp. infection)

• Eimeria spp. (Eimeria abramovi, Eimeria anatis, Eimeria anseris, Eimeria aythyae, Eimeria battakhi, Eimeria brantae, Eimeria bucephalae, Eimeria clarkei, Eimeria crassa, Eimeria danailovi, Eimeria farra, Eimeria fulva, Eimeria hermani, Eimeria koganae, Eimeria kotlani, Eimeria krylovi, Eimeria magnalabia, Eimeria mulardi, Eimeria nocens, Eimeria nyroca, Eimeria parvula, Eimeria pulchella, Eimeria saitamae, Eimeria schachdagica, Eimeria stigmosa, Eimeria striata, Eimeria truncata) (Eimeria abramovi, Eimeria anatis, Eimeria anseris, Eimeria aythyae, Eimeria battakhi, Eimeria brantae, Eimeria bucephalae, Eimeria clarkei, Eimeria crassa, Eimeria danailovi, Eimeria farra, Eimeria fulva, Eimeria hermani, Eimeria koganae, Eimeria kotlani, Eimeria krylovi, Eimeria magnalabia, Eimeria mulardi, Eimeria nocens, Eimeria nyroca, Eimeria parvula, Eimeria pulchella, Eimeria saitamae, Eimeria schachdagica, Eimeria stigmosa, Eimeria striata, Eimeria truncata)

• Intestinal coccidiosis (Coccidiosis, Coccidiasis, Eimeria Infection)

• Eimeria spp. (Eimeria boschadis, Eimeria christianseni, Eimeria somateriae, Eimeria truncata)

• Renal Coccidiosis (Renal coccidial infection)

• Gonyaulax spp. (Gonyaulax tamarensis)

• Dinoflagellate Toxicity (Marine dinoflagellate toxicity, Dinoflagellate poisoning, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Red Tide)

• Gymnodinium spp. (Gymnodinium breve)

• Dinoflagellate Toxicity (Marine dinoflagellate toxicity, Dinoflagellate poisoning, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Red Tide)

• Haemoproteus spp. (Haemoproteus nettionis, Haemoproteus greineri) (Haemoproteus nettionis, Haemoproteus greineri)

• Haemoproteus Infection (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)

• Isospora spp. (Isospora anseris, Isospora mandari) (Isospora anseris, Isospora mandari)

• Intestinal coccidiosis (Coccidiosis, Coccidiasis, Eimeria Infection)

• Leucocytozoon spp. (Leucocytozoon simondi) (Leucocytozoon simondi)

• Leukocytozoonosis (Leucocytozoon infection, Hemosporidian Infection, Haematozoan Infection)

• Plasmodium spp. (Plasmodium circumflexum, Plasmodium elongatum, Plasmodium lophurae, Plasmodium relictum, Plasmodium praecox, Plasmodium vaughani.)

• Avian Malaria (Plasmodium Infection, Haematozoan Infection, Hemosporidian Infection)

• Sarcocystis spp. (Sarcocystis rileyi) (Sarcocystis rileyi)

• Sarcocystosis (Sarcosporidiosis, Rice-breast disease, Sarcocystis sp. Infection.)

• Tetratrichomonas spp. (Tetratrichomonas anatis)

• Trichomoniasis (Flagellate Infection) (Trichomonas infection)

• Toxoplasma spp. (Toxoplasma gondii) (Toxoplasma gondii)

• Toxoplasmosis (Toxoplasma gondii Infection)

• Trichomonas spp. (Trichomonas gallinae) (Trichomonas gallinae)

• Trichomoniasis (Flagellate Infection) (Trichomonas infection)

• Trypanosoma spp. (Trypanosoma avium, Trypanosoma calmetti)

• Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosome infection)

• Tyzzeria spp. (Tyzzeria alleni, Tyzzeria chenicusae, Tyzzeria pellerdyi, Tyzzeria perniciosa, Tyzzeria parvula)(Tyzzeria alleni, Tyzzeria chenicusae, Tyzzeria pellerdyi, Tyzzeria perniciosa, Tyzzeria parvula)

• Intestinal coccidiosis (Coccidiosis, Coccidiasis, Eimeria Infection)

• Wenyonella spp. (Wenyonella anatis, Wenyonella gagari, Wenyonella pellerdyi, Wenyonella philiplevinei)

• Intestinal coccidiosis (Coccidiosis, Coccidiasis, Eimeria Infection)

• Ammi majus - Large bullwort (Bishop's weed)
• Ammi visnaga - Toothpickweed

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Convallaria majalis - Lily of the Valley (Lily-of-the-valley, European lily of the valley)

• Lily of the Valley Poisoning (Convallaria majalis Toxicity)

• Cymopterus ibapensis - Ibapah springparsley (Epallageiton ibapense, Epallageiton watsonii, Cymopterus longipes, Cymopterus watsonii, Spring parsley.)
• Cymopterus longipes - Longstalk springparsley (Epallageiton longipes)

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Glycine max - Soybeans (Dolichos soja, Glycine gracilis, Glycine hispida, Phaseolus max, Soja hispida, Soja max)

• Soybean Impaction (Crop impaction, Bound crop, Canada goose crop impaction)

• Heracleum mantegazzianum - Giant Hogweed

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Hypericum spp.
• Hypericum perforatum - Common St. Johnswort (Perforate St. John's Wort, Klamathweed.)

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Lactuca sativa - Lettuce

• Lettuce Narcosis

• Lathyrus odoratus - Sweetpea (Sweet Pea)

• Sweetpea Poisoning , Beta-Aminoproprionitrile Toxicity, BAPN toxicity, Lathyrism, Sweet Pea poisoning)

• Nerium oleander - Oleander

• Oleander poisoning (Oleander Toxicity)

• Petroselinum crispum - Parsley (Apium petroselinum, Carum petroselinum, Petroselinum hortense, Petroselinum sativum, Petroselinum vulgare)

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Ricinus communis - Castor bean (Toto ni vavalagi, Maskerekur, lama palagi, uluchul skoki, agaliya, castor bean.)

• Castor Bean Toxicity

• Solanum nigrum - Black Nightshade (Garden Nightshade)

• Nightshade Poisoning (Black Nightshade Poisoning, Garden Nightshade Poisoning)

• Solanum tuberosum - Potato

• Potato Poisoning (Green Potato Poisoning, Sprouting Potato Poisoning, Solanum tuberosum Poisoning)

• Vigna unguiculata - Cowpeas (Vigna sinensis)

• Soybean Impaction (Crop impaction, Bound crop, Canada goose crop impaction)

• Aflatoxins

• Aflatoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Mycotoxicity, aflatoxicosis, groundnut poisoning, fusariotoxicosis, fusariotoxin poisoning, fusariomycotoxicosis, trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, vomitoxicosis, zearalenone toxicosis, ergotism.)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)

• Anticoagulant rodenticides (Benzopyrans, Brodifacoum, Bromadiolone, Chlorophacinone, Coumafuryl, Coumatetralyl, Diphacinone, Diphenadione, Dicumarol, Indone, Warfarin, Indanedione derivative)

• Anticoagulant Rodenticide Toxicity (Brodifacoum toxicity, Dicumarol toxicity, Warfarin toxicity)

• Beta-aminoproprionitrile

• Sweetpea Poisoning , Beta-Aminoproprionitrile Toxicity, BAPN toxicity, Lathyrism, Sweet Pea poisoning)

• Blue-Green Algae Toxins (Anatoxin, microcystins, nodularin)

• Blue-Green Algae Toxicity (Cyanobacteria toxicosis, Phycotoxicosis, algal toxicosis)

• Botulinum Toxins

• Avian Botulism (Limberneck, Western duck sickness, Duck disease, Alkali poisoning

• Brevetoxins

• Dinoflagellate Toxicity (Marine dinoflagellate toxicity, Dinoflagellate poisoning, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Red Tide)

• Carbamates (Carbaryl, Butylate, Carbofuran, Methomyl, Benomyl, EPTC, Aldicarb, Thiram)

• Anticholinesterase Toxicity (Organophosphorus Compounds and Carbamates)

• Citrinin

• Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)

• Coal Tar (Anthracene, Cresols, Creosote, Creosotenaphthalene, Dimethylnaphthalenes, Phenanthrene, Pitch greases, Naphthalene)

• Coal Tar Toxicity (Coal Tar Poisoning, Creosote Toxicity, Cresol Toxicity)

• Convallotoxin

• Lily of the Valley Poisoning (Convallaria majalis Toxicity)

• Convalloside

• Lily of the Valley Poisoning (Convallaria majalis Toxicity)

• Convallomarin

• Lily of the Valley Poisoning (Convallaria majalis Toxicity)

• Cyanide (Prussic Acid)

• Cyanide Poisoning (Hydrocyanic Acid Poisoning, Prussic Acid Poisoning, Cyanide Toxicity)

• Dimetridazole (1,2-dimethyl-5-nitroimidazole, Emtryl, Metronex, Flagyl, Torgyl)

• Dimetridazole Toxicity (Anthelmintic Toxicity)

• Ergot alkaloids

• Ergotism (St. Anthony's fire)

• Ethylene Glycol (Antifreeze, Anti-freeze)

• Ethylene Glycol Intoxication (Ethylene glycol toxicity, Ethylene glycol poisoning)

• Formalin (Formaldehyde)

• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)

• Fumonisins

• Fumonisin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis) (Equine leukoencephalomalacia, Porcine pulmonary oedema syndrome)

• Fluoroacetamide/Fluoroacetate (Sodium fluoroacetate (1080), Sodium fluoride acetamide (1081))

• Fluoroacetamide Toxicity (1081 poisoning, Fluroacetamide toxicity)

• Furazolidone (FZ)

• Furazolidone Toxicity (Furazolidone-associated Cardiomyopathy, Nitrofuran Toxicity)

• Glycoside cardiotoxins

• Oleander poisoning (Oleander Toxicity)

• Levamisole (Imidathiazole, Tetramizole.)

• Levamisole (Imidathiazole, Tetramizole, Anthelpo , Armadose Breakwormer, Bionem, Chanaverm, Decazole, Levacide, Levacur, Levadin, Levam Wormaway, Levipor, Nilverm, Nitratil Pour-on, Ridaverm LD , Ripercol Pour-on, Spartakon, Sure LD, Vermisole, Wormaway)

• Metaldehyde (Slug-bait)

• Metaldehyde Toxicity (Metaldehyde toxicity, Slug-bait toxicity)

• Moniliformin

• Moniliformin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)

• Nitrofurazone (NFZ)

• Nitrofurazone Toxicity (NFZ Toxicity, Nitrofuran Toxicity)

• Ochratoxin

• Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)

• Oil (Petroleum products, crude oil, light oil, bunker oil, petrol, gasoline, cooking oil)

• Chilling / Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Drowning
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Oiling (Petroleum Toxicity, Oil Toxicity)
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Organochlorines (such at DDT, DDE, DDD, lindane, aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor, chlordane, endrin, HCH, mirex, chlordecone, toxaphene)

• Organochlorine Toxicity (Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Insecticide Toxicity)

• Organophosphates (Phosphates e.g. mevinphos, Phosphorothionates e.g. parathion, diazinon, Phosphorothiolates e.g. demeton, omethoate, Phosphorothionothiolates e.g. phorate, malathion, Phosphorodithiolates e.g. ethoprop, Phosphoramidates e.g. fenamiphos, Phosphoramidothionates e.g. isophenphos, Phosphoramidothiolates e.g. methamidophos), Coumaphos (Negasunt), Dichlorvos (Aquagard), Nuvan Top, Diazinon (Droplix), Fenthion (Tiguvon), Phosmet ( Dermol Plus, Nupor, Porect, Poron 20, Vet-Kem Sponge-on))

• Anticholinesterase Toxicity (Organophosphorus Compounds and Carbamates)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)

• Photosensitizing Toxins (Systemic)

• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)

• Polychlorinated Biphenyls (Various trade names including Aroclor (USA), Clophens (Germany), Fenclors (Italy), Phenoclors, Pyralenes (France), Kanechlors (Japan))

• Polychlorinated Biphenyl Toxicity (PCB Toxicity, Aroclor Toxicity, Chlorinated Biphenyl Toxicity)

• Ricin

• Castor Bean Toxicity (Castor Bean Poisoning, Ricin Toxicity, Castorbean Toxicity, Castorbean Poisoning)

• Saxitoxins

• Dinoflagellate Toxicity (Marine dinoflagellate toxicity, Dinoflagellate poisoning, Paralytic shellfish poisoning, Red Tide)

• Soaps

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Solanidin

• Nightshade Poisoning (Black Nightshade Poisoning, Garden Nightshade Poisoning)

• Solanine

• Potato Poisoning (Green Potato Poisoning, Sprouting Potato Poisoning, Solanum tuberosum Poisoning)
• Nightshade Poisoning (Black Nightshade Poisoning, Garden Nightshade Poisoning)

• Strychnine (Strychnine, Strychnine nitrate)

• Strychnine Poisoning (Strychnine, Strychnine nitrate)

• Synthetic detergents

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

• Tick Saliva Toxins

• Tick Paralysis

• Trichothecenes

• Fusariotoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis) (Fusariotoxin poisoning, Trichothecene mycotoxicosis, T-2 toxicosis, Vomitotoxicosis, Zearalenone toxicosis)

• Zearalenone

• Zearalenone Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis)

• Arsenic [Chemical symbol - As] - excess

• Arsenic Poisoning (Arsenic Toxicity)

• Cadmium [Chemical symbol - Cd] - excess

• Cadmium Toxicity (Cadmium Poisoning)

• Calcium [Chemical symbol - Ca] - deficiency Chemical symbol - Ca] - deficiency

• Calcium / Phosphorus / Vitamin D Imbalance (Rickets, Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Calcium Deficiency, Hypovitaminosis D, Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Calcium - Phosphorus Imbalance, Fibrous Osteodystrophy, Metabolic Bone Disease, Nutritional Bone Disease)
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Calcium [Chemical symbol - Ca] - excessChemical symbol - Ca] - excess

• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Manganese Deficiency (Perosis)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Copper [Chemical symbol - Cu] - excessChemical symbol - Cu] - excess

• Copper Toxicity (Copper Toxicosis, Copper Poisoning, Copper Sulphate Poisoning)

• Phosphorus (Elemental) [Chemical symbol - P] (White Phosphorus)- excess

• White Phosphorus Toxicity (White Phosphorus Poisoning, Elemental Phosphorus Toxicity)

• Phosphorus (Compound) - excess

• Calcium / Phosphorus / Vitamin D Imbalance (Rickets, Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Calcium Deficiency, Hypovitaminosis D, Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Calcium - Phosphorus Imbalance, Fibrous Osteodystrophy, Metabolic Bone Disease, Nutritional Bone Disease)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Fluoride [Chemical symbol - F] - excess

• Fluoride Toxicity (Fluoride Poisoning)

• Lead [Chemical symbol - Pb] - excessChemical symbol - Pb] - excess

• Foreign Body Ingestion (Traumatic Ventriculitis, Hardware Disease)
• Lead Poisoning (Plumbism, Lead intoxication)
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Manganese [Chemical symbol - Mn] - deficiency

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Manganese Deficiency (Perosis)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Mercury [Chemical symbol - Hg] - excessChemical symbol - Hg] - excess

• Mercury Toxicity (Minimata disease , Methylmercury toxicity, mercury poisoning, mercury intoxication)

• Salt [Chemical symbol - NaCl] (Sodium Chloride, Common salt) - excess<Chemical symbol - NaCl] (Sodium Chloride, Common salt) - excess

• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Salt Encrustation
• Salt Poisoning (Salt Toxicity, Water Deprivation)

• Selenium [Chemical symbol - Se] - deficiencyChemical symbol - Se] - deficiency

• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Ideopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Vitamin E / Selenium deficiency (White muscle disease)

• Selenium [Chemical symbol - Se] - excessChemical symbol - Se] - excess

• Selenium Toxicity (Selenosis, Selenium Poisoning)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)

• Zinc [Chemical symbol - Zn] - deficiency

• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Zinc Deficiency

• Zinc [Chemical symbol - Zn] - excess

• Zinc Toxicity (Zinc toxicity, Zinc poisoning, New Wire Disease)
• Foreign Body Ingestion (Traumatic Ventriculitis, Hardware Disease)

• Biotin (Vitamin H) - deficiency

• Biotin Deficiency (Vitamin H deficiency)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Choline - deficiency

• Choline Deficiency
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Carbohydrate (Dietary) - deficiency

• Caloric Exhaustion (General nutrient deficiency)

• Fats (Dietary) - deficiency

• Caloric Exhaustion (General nutrient deficiency)

• Folic Acid (Folicin) - deficiency

• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Folic Acid Deficiency (Folicin Deficiency)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Niacin (Nicotinic acid) - deficiency

• Niacin Deficiency (Nicotinic acid Deficiency)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B3, Vitamin B5, Pantothenate) - deficiency

• Dead-in-Shell
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Protein (Dietary) - deficiency

• Caloric Exhaustion (General nutrient deficiency)

• Protein (Dietary) - excess

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)
• Splay Leg (Sprawls, Spraddle leg, Splayed legs)

• Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6, Pyridoxine) - deficiency

• Pyridoxine Deficiency (Vitamin B6 deficiency, Pyridoxine deficiency)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)

• Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) - deficiency

• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Riboflavin Deficiency (Vitamin B2 deficiency)

• Thiaminase - excess

• Thiamine Deficiency (Vitamin B1 deficiency)

• Thiamine (Vitamin B1, Thiamin) - deficiency

• Thiamine Deficiency (Vitamin B1 deficiency)

• Vitamin A (Retinol) - deficiency

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Vitamin A Deficiency (Hypovitaminosis A)

• Vitamin A (Retinol) - excess

• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)

• Vitamin B12 (Cyanocobalamin, Cobalamin) - deficiency

• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Vitamin B12 Deficiency (Cyanocobalamin Deficiency, Cobalamin Deficiency)

• Vitamin D (Vitamin D3) - deficiency

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Calcium / Phosphorus / Vitamin D Imbalance (Rickets, Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Calcium Deficiency, Hypovitaminosis D, Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Calcium - Phosphorus Imbalance, Fibrous Osteodystrophy, Metabolic Bone Disease, Nutritional Bone Disease)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Vitamin D (Vitamin D3) - excess

• Vitamin D Toxicity (Hypervitaminosis D)

• Vitamin E (Alpha tocopherol) - deficiency

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Dead-in-Shell
• Early Embryonic Death (Early Embryonic mortalitity)
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Splay Leg (Sprawls, Spraddle leg, Splayed legs)
• Vitamin E / Selenium deficiency (White muscle disease)

• Vitamin K - deficiency

• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Vitamin K Deficiency