Waterfowl
Physical Factors

This page enables you to scroll down the physical factors directly associated with disease in waterfowl; the physical factors are grouped together with similar agents e.g. all forms of physical force are in the group "Substrate, Space & Barrier", and arranged by alphabetical order within the groups.

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INDEX

Substrate, Space, Physical Force & Predation -
Physical Factors causing disease in Waterfowl

• Acid / Alkali (Strong)

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)

• Accommodation construction

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Atherosclerosis
• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Feather Picking (Tail picking)
• Frostbite
• Foreign Body Ingestion (Traumatic Ventriculitis, Hardware Disease)
• Keel Lesions (Keel Sores)
• Lacerations / Punctures (Bite Wounds, Predation, Cannibalism)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)
• Scalping
• Splay Leg (Sprawls, Spraddle leg, Splayed legs)
• Starveout (Starve out, starve-out, Starvation of downies)
• Sunstroke / Heatstroke

• Faecal / Urine contamination of substrate

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)

• Fishing tackle

• Foreign Body Entanglement
• Foreign Body Ingestion (Traumatic Ventriculitis, Hardware Disease)
• Hook and Line Injuries
• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)

• Handling/Equipment

• Brachial Paralysis (Wing paralysis)
• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Crushing
• Foreign Body Entanglement
• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)
• Lacerations / Punctures (Bite Wounds, Predation, Cannibalism)
• Leg paralysis (Folded-leg disease, Transportation trauma)
• Yolk Sac Rupture

• Handling/Equipment (Eggs)

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early-Embryonic-Death
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Household rubbish

• Foreign Body Entanglement
• Foreign Body Ingestion (Traumatic Ventriculitis, Hardware Disease)

• Inter/intra specific interaction

• Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration, Reactive amyloidosis, Secondary amyloidosis)
• Atherosclerosis
• Feather Picking
• Lacerations / Punctures
• Scalping
• Starveout (Starve out, starve-out, Starvation of downies)

• Non-specific physical trauma

• Air Sac Injury (Subcutaneous emphysema)
• Brachial Paralysis (Wing paralysis)
• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)
• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Cataracts
• Cloacal Prolapse (Prolapsed Oviduct)
• Crushing
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Eye Injuries (Ocular Trauma)
• Egg Peritonitis (Egg Yolk Peritonitis, Egg-related Septic Peritonitis)
• Feather Picking (Tail picking)
• Foreign Body Entanglement
• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Hook and Line Injuries
• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)
• Lacerations / Punctures (Bite Wounds, Predation, Cannibalism)
• Prolapsed Phallus (Prolapsed penis.)
• Scalping
• Yolk Sac Rupture

• Pressure necrosis

• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)
• Keel Lesions (Keel Sores)
• Soybean Impaction (Crop impaction, Bound crop, Canada goose crop impaction)
• Sublingual Impaction

• Restriction of normal movement

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Brachial Paralysis (Wing paralysis)
• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Crushing
• Drowning
• Feather Picking (Tail picking)
• Foreign Body Entanglement
• Ice Entrapment
• Keel Lesions (Keel Sores)
• Leg paralysis
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)
• Salt Encrustation

• Soil and mud

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Sublingual Impaction
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

Climate, Atmosphere, Radiation & Electricity -
Physical Factors causing disease in Waterfowl

• Daylength - incorrect / abnormal

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)

• Electricity

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)
• Electrocution (Electrical injury, Electrical trauma, Electrical burns, Wire Strike)

• Hail storms

• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)

• High winds

• Ice Entrapment
• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)
• Salt Encrustation

• Humidity - incorrect incubation humidity

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early-Embryonic-Death
• Hatching Problems (Late hatching, early hatching, assisted hatching, failure to pip, malpositioning, hatching failure)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death

• Lightning

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)
• Electrocution (Electrical injury, Electrical trauma, Electrical burns, Wire Strike)

• Radiation - High energy (X-ray, etc.)

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Multicentric Mesenchymal Tumours (Multicentric neurofibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Disseminated fibrosarcomas, Lipomatosis/fibromatosis, Spindle cell sarcoma)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)

• Radiation - Sunlight (UV Radiation)

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)
• Calcium / Phosphorus / Vitamin D Imbalance (Rickets, Nutritional Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, Calcium Deficiency, Hypovitaminosis D, Vitamin D3 Deficiency, Calcium - Phosphorus Imbalance, Fibrous Osteodystrophy, Metabolic Bone Disease, Nutritional Bone Disease)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Multicentric Mesenchymal Tumours (Multicentric neurofibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Disseminated fibrosarcomas, Lipomatosis/fibromatosis, Spindle cell sarcoma)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)
• Plant-Induced Photosensitization (Primary) (Phytophotodermatitis, Plant-Induced Photosensitisation)
• Sunstroke / Heatstroke

• Temperature - extreme direct cold

• Frostbite

• Temperature - extreme direct heat

• Burns (Chemical burns, Friction burns Sunburn)

• Temperature - high ambient

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Sunstroke / Heatstroke

• Temperature - low ambient

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Congenital Abnormalities (Congenital malformation)
• Drowning
• Frostbite
• Ice Entrapment
• Salt Encrustation
• Starvation

• Temperature - incorrect incubation temperature

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early-Embryonic-Death
• Hatching Problems (Late hatching, early hatching, assisted hatching, failure to pip, malpositioning, hatching failure)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Splay Leg (Sprawls, Spraddle leg, Splayed legs)

• Visibility reduced

• Electrocution (Electrical injury, Electrical trauma, Electrical burns, Wire Strike)
• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)

• Ventilation - inadequate

• Dead-in-Shell
• Early-Embryonic-Death
• Hatching Problems (Late hatching, early hatching, assisted hatching, failure to pip, malpositioning, hatching failure)
• Mid-incubation Embryonic Death
• Sunstroke / Heatstroke

Water conditions -
Physical Factors causing disease in Waterfowl

• Contamination of water with large numbers of opportunistic pathogens

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)

• Heavy waves / Rapid water flow

• Drowning
• Ice Entrapment
• Impact Injury (Flying Accidents, Collision Injury, Wire Strike, Car Accident, Shooting, Shotgun Injury)
• Salt Encrustation

• Ice formation

• Drowning
• Frostbite
• Ice Entrapment
• Starvation

• Lack of water for normal behaviour

• Bumblefoot (Pododermatitis, Chronic arthritis-synovitis, Purulent synovitis)
• Cloacitis (Vent Gleet)
• Keel Lesions (Keel Sores)
• Prolapsed Phallus (Prolapsed penis.)
• Sunstroke / Heatstroke

• Salinity high

• Capture Myopathy (Exertional Myopathy, Stress Myopathy, Exertional Rhabdomyolysis, Overstraining Disease, Polymyopathy, White Muscle Disease, Transport Myopathy, Spastic Paresis, Muscle Necrosis, Leg Paralysis, Muscular Dystrophy, Degenerative Myopathy, Idiopathic Muscle Necrosis, White Muscle Stress Syndrome)
• Drowning
• Salt Encrustation

• Surface tension of water decreased by surfactants

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Drowning
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)

Food availablility and vegetation conditions -
Physical Factors causing disease in Waterfowl

• Calorie/protein intake excessive

• Angel Wing (Slipped wing, Flip wing, Dropped wing, Carpal deformity, Carpometacarpal deformity, Valgus carpal deformity, Heeled-over wing, Rotating wing, Tilt wing, Sword wing, Spear wing, Straw wing, Reversed wing, Aeroplane wing, Drooped wing, Dropped wing, Crooked wing)
• Cloacal Prolapse (Prolapsed Oviduct)
• Egg Binding (Egg Retention, Eggbound, Dystocia)
• Gout (Visceral gout, Acute toxic nephritis syndrome, Articular gout)
• Perosis (Slipped tendon, slipped hock)
• Splay Leg (Sprawls, Spraddle leg, Splayed legs)

• Calorie/protein intake inadequate

• Caloric Exhaustion (General nutrient deficiency)
• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Starvation
• Starveout (Starve out, starve-out, Starvation of downies)

• Carcinogens in vegetation / foodstuffs

• Multicentric Mesenchymal Tumours (Multicentric neurofibrosarcoma, Liposarcoma, Disseminated fibrosarcomas, Lipomatosis/fibromatosis, Spindle cell sarcoma)
• Neoplasias (Tumours)

• Dried highly expandable foodstuffs

• Soybean Impaction (Crop impaction, Bound crop, Canada goose crop impaction)

• Fibrous material in foodstuffs

• Impaction (Oesophageal Impaction)
• Sublingual Impaction

• Food physically inaccessible

• Starvation

• Presentation of food unfamiliar

• Starvation
• Starveout (Starve out, starve-out, Starvation of downies)