These species are within the family Muridae.

These species eat mainly a wide variety of foods of vegetable origin, although some are more omnivorous. Further information is included in the individual species pages.

Fluids (water):

• Offer a rehydration (electrolyte) solution such as Lectade (Pfizer Limited) to drink on admission.
• Water should be freely available at all times unless the casualty is unconscious or severely debilitated and unable to hold its head up.
• Both water and a rehydration (electrolyte) solution, in separate containers, should be made available initially.
• (V.w5, V.w26)

Convalescent Diet:

Suggested convalescent diets include:

• An easily-digestible food made from ingredients of food-groups normally eaten would be advisable.
  • For mice and voles cereal based baby foods (e.g. Milupa, (Milupa) or Complan (HJ Heinz Co. Ltd.) would probably be appropriate. (V.w5, V.w26)
  • A high-roughage palatable syringe feeding diet specially designed for sick and convalescent rabbits and other small herbivores is available (Supreme Science Recovery, Rabbits and Small Herbivores, Supreme Petfoods Ltd.).

Short term Maintenance Diet:

• Provide food ad libitum in a small bowl.
• Food bowl should be refilled daily to make sure that it doe not become filled with husks or rejected food items and that food does not become stale or mouldy. 

Suggested short term maintenance diets include:

Mice: Apodemus flavicollis - Yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus sylvaticus - Wood mouse, Micromys minutus - Harvest mouse, Mus musculus - House mouse

• Wild bird seed, oats, cereal such as Weetabix, fruit such as chopped apple, berries.(D24)
• Seeds, dry porridge oats, crumbed digestive biscuits.(B151)
• Proprietary mouse food.(B151)
• Seed mixtures designed for pet rodents.(D25)
• Commercial mouse pellets plus hay, maize (corn) and dog food. (Described for use as a long-term diet). (B16.2.w2)

Microtus agrestis - Field vole:

• Whole oats, meadow hay, chopped carrots and proprietary rodent pellets.(B156.12.w12)
• Wild bird seed, oats, cereal such as Weetabix, fruit such as chopped apple, berries, plus grass. (D24)
• Twigs with leaves and buds, and hay, as well as similar food to mice.(B151)
• Hamster diet, commercial mouse pellets, hay, also corn kernels and sunflower seeds. (Described for use as a long-term diet)  (B16.2.w2)

Clethrionomys glareolus - Bank vole:

• Whole oats, meadow hay, chopped carrots and proprietary rodent pellets. (B156.12.w12)
• Wild bird seed, oats, cereal such as Weetabix, fruit such as chopped apple, berries, plus grass.(D24)
• Twigs with leaves and buds, and hay, as well as similar food to mice.(B151)
• Hamster diet, commercial mouse pellets, hay, also corn kernels and sunflower seeds. (Described for use as a long-term diet). (B16.2.w2)

Arvicola terrestris - Water vole:

• Variety of grasses (D24)
• Twigs with leaves and buds, and hay, as well as similar food to mice.(B151)
• Hamster diet, commercial mouse pellets, hay, also corn kernels and sunflower seeds. (Described for use as a long-term diet). (B16.2.w2)
• Grasses, pond reeds, flattened peas, flaked maize, grass pellets, peanuts, sunflower seeds, puppy meal, groats, wheat, apple, carrot, lettuce, spring cabbage, watercress, other green leafy vegetables. (Described for use as a long-term diet). (N4.25.w1)

(B16.2.w2, B151, B156.12.w12, N4.25.w1, D24)

• Fresh drinking water should always be available in a container of an appropriate size and type for the species concerned.
• Fluid replacement therapy other than oral fluids may be required for casualties which are extremely dehydrated on admission or are unable to take in and absorb oral fluids.
  • Fluid therapy should continue until the animal is no longer dehydrated, even if it is self feeding.
• Feeding of convalescents should take into account their requirement for additional nutrients for healing as well as maintenance requirements.

• The required fluid intake for maintenance should be considered when designing convalescent diets.
• Energy requirements for maintenance and healing should be calculated and used to determine the quantity of food required for both convalescence and short-term maintenance diets.
• Convalescent diets should be easily absorbed/digested.
• Care should be taken not to under or over supplement with vitamins/minerals.
• Diets intended for feeding from a syringe or by stomach tube (gavage) must be of a sufficiently fluid consistency to pass through the syringe nozzle or down the tube without it becoming blocked.
• The natural diet should be considered when deciding on suitable ingredients, including consideration of taste/smell.
• Fresh food must be provided daily.
• Regular cleaning of food and drinking water containers (e.g. daily) is important to reduce the risk of disease.
• Food and water containers should be sited to minimise the risk of contamination with droppings/faeces/urine.

• Water bowls should not be left in the accommodation of a casualty which is unconscious or is severely debilitated and unable to hold its head up.
• Dehydrated and malnourished individuals sometimes drink rehydration fluids but refuse plain water initially; others will drink water but not rehydration fluids. Both should be made available.
• No diet, however well balanced nutritionally, is useful if the animal does not eat it, for example because it is not recognised as food.
• Ingestion of food should be monitored, not assumed. This may include weighing food before presentation and weighing waste food after removal, and periodic weighing of the animal.
• Monitoring of weight/body condition is particularly important for group housed/group fed animals, within which some individuals may take more food and others not get the food they require.
• Diets suggested on this page are intended for short term use for wildlife casualties; they are not necessarily suitable for long-term use or in individuals which are breeding.
• Diets suggested on this page are not necessarily suitable for feeding infants; information on appropriate diets for very young individuals are described in the page on hand-rearing.
• If naturally-available food items are gathered for feeding to casualties it is important to be aware of the possibility of contamination with chemical such as herbicides and pesticides.

• Oral rehydration (electrolyte) solutions are widely available from veterinary suppliers and chemists. 
• A basic oral rehydration (electrolyte) solution may be made by dissolving one tablespoon of sugar and one teaspoon of salt in one litre of water. (B203)
• Hamster and mouse diets etc.: from pet stores, mail order suppliers etc.
• Supreme Science Recovery, Rabbits and Small Herbivores, Supreme Petfoods Ltd. May be available from pet stores.
• Complan: H J Heinz Co Ltd, Hayes, Middlesex, UB4 8AL: from supermarkets etc.

• Milupa (Milupa, White Horse Business Park, Trowbridge, WILTS BA14 0XB)

• No particular expertise is required.

• Food items are generally widely available and relatively inexpensive.

• Under the Protection of Animals Acts 1911-2000 it is an offence not to provide animals (including captive wild animals) with necessary food and water (J35.147.w1, B156.21.w21, B223, P19.2.w1).
• Care should be taken not to let an individual become accustomed to a single food item as this may result in difficulties in feeding the animal if the food item becomes unavailable, and in preparing it for release.
• Every effort should be made to provide appropriate natural, locally available foods to animals which have been maintained in captivity for prolonged periods before they are released, in order to re-accustom them to a natural diet and reduce the chance of digestive problems following release. (P24.233.w11)
• The release of animals which, by virtue of an inadequate or inappropriate diet whilst in captivity, are not fit to survive when released may be considered an offence under the Abandonment of Animals Act, 1960.

• B16.2.w2, B151, B156.12.w12, B203, N, P24.233.w114.25.w1, D24, V.w5, V.w26
• J35.147.w1, B156.21.w21, B223, P19.2.w1