Summary Information
|
| Type of
technique |
Health
& Management / Disease
Investigation & Management / Techniques: |
| Synonyms and
Keywords |
|
| Description |
- Bone marrow may be collected from the proximal femur, proximal
humerus, or iliac crest. (B602.2.w2,
P120.2006.w6)
From the proximal femur:
- Anaesthetise the ferret. (B602.2.w2,
J29.6.w3,
P120.2006.w6)
- Place the ferret in lateral recumbency. (B232.17.w17,
B602.2.w2)
- Shave and aseptically prepare the area over the proximal femur. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34, J29.6.w3,
P120.2006.w6)
- Make a small incision over the greater trochanter, using a No 15
scalpel blade. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34, P120.2006.w6)
- Over the femur just medial to the greater trochanter. (B232.17.w17)
- Hold the femur with one hand to stabilise it. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34)
- Insert a 20-gauge 1.5 inch spinal needle into the bone, just medial to the greater
trochanter. (B602.2.w2,
B232.17.w17, B660.34.w34,
P120.2006.w6)
- 22-gauge to 20-gauge. (J29.6.w3)
- Either a spinal needle or a normal hypodermic needle can be
used. (J29.6.w3)
- Advance the needle with steady pressure while rotating
the needle in both directions alternately. (B602.2.w2,
B232.17.w17, B660.34.w34)
- Remove the stylet, attach a 6-12 mL syringe and apply vigorous
aspiration (suction), stopping as soon as the
sample becomes visible (this minimises blood contamination). (B602.2.w2,
B232.17.w17, B660.34.w34)
- Or: Advance the needle with steady pressure while rotating
and aspirating on a 6-12 mL syringe attached to the needle. (J29.6.w3,
P120.2006.w6)
- Apply vigorous suction on the syringe. (J29.6.w3)
- Or: For a core biopsy, use an 18-gauge, 1.5 inch hypodermic
needle. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34)
- Expel the sample collected onto clean glass slides. (P120.2006.w6)
- Using pressure from the syringe, expel the bone marrow sample
onto several glass slides. (B602.2.w2)
- Hold the slides vertically and allow any excess blood to drain
away. (B602.2.w2)
- Gently "squash prep" the samples ready for cytological
examination. (P120.2006.w6)
- Place a clean glass slide on top of a slide holding a sample. (B602.2.w2)
- Let the bone marrow spread between the slides. (B602.2.w2)
- Draw the slides apart horizontally. (B602.2.w2)
|
| Appropriate Use (?) |
- In the diagnosis of anaemia, thrombocytopaenia, pancytopaenia,
suspected haematopoitic malignancies or proliferative abnormalities. (B602.2.w2)
- To evaluate prior to
chemotherapy. (J29.6.w3)
- Bone marrow evaluation should be carried out in any ferret with PCV
under 35% and decreasing on serial testing. (B660.32.w32)
|
| Notes |
--
|
| Complications/ Limitations / Risk |
- Must be carried out with the ferret anaesthetised. (J29.6.w3)
- If taking both an aspirate and a core biopsy, take the aspirate
first, to avoid clotting of the aspirate which may occur when
tissue thrombin is released due to the bone marrow disturbance. (B660.34.w34)
|
| Equipment / Chemicals required and Suppliers |
- 20-gauge 1.5 inch spinal needle. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34,
P120.2006.w6)
- 22-gauge to 20-gauge. (J29.6.w3)
- 6-12 mL syringe for aspiration (B660.34.w34,
J29.6.w3,
P120.2006.w6)
- 18-gauge, 1.5 inch hypodermic needle for a core biopsy. (B602.2.w2,
B660.34.w34)
|
| Expertise level / Ease of Use |
-
This procedure should only be
carried out by an individual with appropriate clinical training and practical
experience.
|
| Cost/ Availability |
- The costs include those of
anaesthesia, personnel time, consumables, and testing of the sample.
|
| Legal and Ethical Considerations |
In some countries there may be legislation restricting the use of
this type of technique to licensed veterinarians. For example in the
UK: "The Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 (Section 19) provides,
subject to a number of exceptions, that only registered members of the
Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons may practice veterinary
surgery." (see: LCofC1
- RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct 2000 - Treatment of Animals
by Non-Veterinary Surgeons).
|
| Author |
Debra Bourne MA VetMB PhD
MRCVS (V.w5) |
| Referee |
|
| References |
B602.2.w2,
B232.17.w17, B660.34.w34,
J29.6.w3,
P120.2006.w6 |
