Surface tension of water decreased by surfactants

(This physical factors section is currently used in Wildpro predominantly to link different data types and demonstrate inter-relationships. It does not contain detailed information on the physical factor itself.)

• The plumage of birds, particularly waterbirds, normally excludes water; this is a function of the physical structure of the feathers.
• Substances which have a surfactant effect, decreasing the surface tension of water (e.g. oil and detergents), allow water to penetrate the structure of the feathers.
• This removes both buoyancy and insulation.

• Chilling/Hypothermia (Hypothermia, Exposure)
• Drowning
• Wet Feather (Shaft-lice Infection, Sooty Mould Exposure)