| The following information is
quoted directly, unabridged, from the OIE Website.
An list of contents bookmarking the sections has been added to make navigation easier: Please note: this
information was taken from the OIE website with the kind permission of the OIE. It was
current as in May 2001. This code is updated regularly and the OIE website should be
consulted directly to check that information is current. (See W30 - Office International des Epizooties -
http://www.oie.int/)
Chapter 2.2.1 Foot and Mouth Disease
Requirements for Foot and Mouth Status
2.1.1.8 - Animals
and Products subject to FMD Restrictions
"Chapter 2.2.1 Foot and Mouth Disease
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Article 2.1.1.1.
For the purposes of this Code, the incubation period for foot and mouth
disease (FMD) shall be 14 days.
Standards for diagnostic tests and vaccines are described in the Manual.
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Article 2.1.1.2.
FMD free country where vaccination is not practised
To be listed in FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised, a country
should:
- have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
- send a declaration to the OIE that there has been no outbreak of FMD and no
vaccination has been carried out for at least 12 months, with documented evidence
that an effective system of surveillance is in operation and that all regulatory measures
for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented;
- not have imported animals vaccinated against FMD since the cessation of vaccination.
The name of the country will be included in the list only after acceptance of submitted
evidence by the OIE.
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Article 2.1.1.3.
FMD free country where vaccination is practised
To be listed in FMD free countries where vaccination is practised, a country should:
- have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
- send a declaration to the OIE that there has been no outbreak of FMD for the past
2 years, with documented evidence that:
- an effective system of disease surveillance is in operation and that all regulatory
measures for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented, and
- routine vaccination is carried out for the purpose of the prevention of FMD and that the
vaccine used complies with the standards described in the Manual, and
- have a system of intensive and frequent surveillance for detection of any viral
activity.
The name of the country will be included in the list only after acceptance of submitted
evidence by the OIE.
If an FMD free country where vaccination is practised wishes to change its status to
FMD free country where vaccination is not practised, a waiting period of 12 months
after vaccination has ceased is required.
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Article 2.1.1.4.
FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised
An FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised can be established in an FMD free
country where vaccination is practised or in a country of which parts are still infected.
The free zone is separated from the rest of the country and from neighbouring infected
countries by a surveillance zone, or physical or geographical barriers and animal health
measures which effectively prevent the entry of the virus. A country in which an FMD free
zone where vaccination is not practised is to be established should:
- have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
- send a declaration to the OIE that it wishes to establish an FMD free zone where
vaccination is not practised, where there has been no outbreak of FMD for the past
2 years, where no vaccination has been carried out for the past 12 months, and
that no vaccinated animal has been introduced into the zone since the cessation of
vaccination;
- supply documented evidence that an effective system of surveillance is in operation in
the FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised as well as the surveillance zone if
applicable;
- describe in detail:
- the boundaries of the FMD free zone, and the surveillance zone, where vaccination is not
practised,
- the system for preventing the entry of the virus into the FMD free zone,
and supply evidence that these are properly supervised and that all regulatory measures
for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented.
The name of the free zone will be included in the list of FMD free zones where
vaccination is not practised only after acceptance of submitted evidence by the
OIE.
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Article 2.1.1.5.
FMD free zone where vaccination is practised
An FMD free zone where vaccination is practised can be established in a country with a
free zone where vaccination is not practised or in a country of which parts are still
infected. The free zone where vaccination is practised is separated from the rest of the
country and, if relevant, from neighbouring infected countries by a buffer zone, or
physical or geographical barriers and animal health measures which effectively prevent the
entry of the virus. A country in which an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised is
to be established should:
- have a record of regular and prompt animal disease reporting;
- send a declaration to the OIE that it wishes to establish an FMD free zone where
vaccination is practised, where there has been no outbreak of FMD for the past
2 years;
- supply documented evidence that an effective system of surveillance is in operation in
the FMD free zone where vaccination is practised as well as the buffer zone if applicable,
that routine vaccination is carried out for the purpose of the prevention of FMD, and that
the vaccine used complies with the standards described in the Manual;
- describe in detail:
- the boundaries of the FMD free zone where vaccination is practised and the
buffer zone if applicable,
- the system for preventing the entry of the virus into the FMD free zone,
and supply evidence that these are properly supervised, and that all regulatory
measures for the prevention and control of FMD have been implemented;
- have a system of intensive and frequent surveillance for detection of any viral activity
in the FMD free zone where vaccination is practised.
The name of the free zone will be included in the list of FMD free zones where
vaccination is practised only after acceptance of submitted evidence by the
OIE.
If a country that has an FMD free zone where vaccination is practised wishes to change
the status of the zone to FMD free zone where vaccination is not practised, a waiting
period of 12 months after vaccination has ceased is required.
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Article 2.1.1.6.
FMD infected country
An FMD infected country is a country that does not fulfil the requirements for being
considered as an FMD free country.
When FMD occurs in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised, the
following waiting periods are required to regain the disease free status:
- 3 months after the last case, where stamping-out and serological
surveillance are applied; or
- 3 months after the slaughter of the last vaccinated animal where stamping-out,
serological surveillance and emergency vaccination are applied.
When FMD occurs in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is practised, the
following waiting periods are required to regain the disease free status:
- 12 months after the last case where stamping-out is applied, or
- 2 years after the last case without stamping-out,
provided that an effective surveillance has been carried out.
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Article 2.1.1.7.
FMD infected zone
An FMD infected zone is a zone where the infection is present in a country with a free
zone where vaccination either is or is not practised. The infected zone should be
separated from the free zone either by a surveillance zone, or a buffer zone, or by
physical or geographical barriers and animal health measures which effectively prevent the
escape of the virus.
Live animals from FMD susceptible species can only leave the infected zone if moved by
mechanical transport to the nearest designated abattoir located in the buffer zone or the
surveillance zone for immediate slaughter. In the absence of an abattoir in the buffer
zone or the surveillance zone, live FMD susceptible animals can be transported to the
nearest abattoir in a free zone for immediate slaughter only under the following
conditions:
- no animal in the establishment of origin has shown clinical signs of FMD for at
least 30 days prior to movement;
- the animals were kept in the establishment of origin for at least 3 months
prior to movement;
- FMD has not occurred within a 10-km radius of the establishment of origin for at
least 3 months prior to movement;
- the animals must be transported under the supervision of the Veterinary Authority
in a vehicle, which was cleansed and disinfected before loading, directly from the establishment
of origin to the abattoir without coming into contact with other susceptible animals;
- such an abattoir is not export approved;
- all products obtained from the animals must be considered infected and treated in such a
way as to destroy any residual virus; in particular, meat must be processed in
conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.1.;
- vehicles and the abattoir must be subjected to thorough cleansing and
disinfection immediately after use.
Animals moved into a free zone for other purposes must be taken to a quarantine
station under the supervision of the Veterinary Authority. Freedom of infection
of these animals must be established by appropriate tests.
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Article 2.1.1.8.
Veterinary Administrations of countries shall consider whether there is a risk
with regard to FMD in accepting importation or transit through their territory, from other
countries, of the following commodities:
- domestic and wild ruminants and pigs;
- semen of ruminants and pigs;
- embryos/ova of ruminants and pigs;
- fresh meat of domestic and wild ruminants and pigs;
- meat products of domestic and wild ruminants and pigs which have not been
processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with one of the
procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.1.;
- products of animal origin intended for human consumption, for use in animal
feeding or for agricultural or industrial use;
- products of animal origin intended for pharmaceutical or surgical use;
- non-sterile biological products.
For the purposes of this Chapter, ruminants include animals of the family of
Camelidae.
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Article 2.1.1.9.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for FMD susceptible animals
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
- were kept in an FMD free country or zone since birth or for at least the past
3 months.
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Article 2.1.1.10.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
- were kept in an FMD free country since birth or for at least the past 3 months; and
- have not been vaccinated and showed a negative response to tests for antibodies against
FMD virus, when destined to an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not
practised.
FMD free countries where vaccination is not practised may require additional
guarantees.
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Article 2.1.1.11.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of shipment;
- were kept in the establishment of origin since birth or
- for the past 30 days, if a stamping-out policy is in force in the exporting
country, or
- for the past 3 months, if a stamping-out policy is not in force in
the exporting country,
and that FMD has not occurred within a 10-km radius of the establishment of
origin for the relevant period as defined in points a) and b) above;
- were isolated for the 30 days prior to quarantine in an establishment, were
subjected to diagnostic tests (probang and serology) for FMD with negative results, and
that FMD has not occurred within a 10-km radius of the establishment during that
period;
- were kept in a quarantine station for the 30 days prior to shipment, were subjected to diagnostic tests (probang and serology) for FMD with
negative results at the end of that period, and that FMD has not occurred within a 10-km
radius of the quarantine station during that period;
- were not exposed to any source of infection during their transportation from the quarantine
station to the place of shipment.
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Article 2.1.1.12.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for fresh semen of domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen;
- were kept in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised for
at least 3 months prior to collection;
- the semen was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of
either Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.3.
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Article 2.1.1.13.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for frozen semen of domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for
the following 30 days;
- were kept in an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised for
at least 3 months prior to collection;
- the semen was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of
either Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.3.
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Article 2.1.1.14.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for semen of domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen and for the
following 30 days;
- were kept in a country or zone free from FMD for at least 3 months prior to
collection;
- if destined to an FMD free country or zone where vaccination is not practised:
- have not been vaccinated and showed a negative response to tests for antibodies
against FMD virus; or
- had been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not more than
12 and not less than 1 month prior to collection;
- no other animal present in the artificial insemination centre has been vaccinated
within the month prior to collection;
- the semen:
- was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of either
Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.3.;
- was stored in a country free from FMD for a period of at least one month before export,
and during this period no animal on the establishment where the donor animals were
kept showed any sign of FMD.
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Article 2.1.1.15.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for semen of domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor animals:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD on the day of collection of the semen;
- were kept in an establishment where no animal had been added in the
30 days before collection, and that FMD has not occurred within 10 km for the
30 days before and after collection;
- have not been vaccinated and showed a negative response to tests for antibodies
against FMD virus; or
- had been vaccinated at least twice, with the last vaccination not more than
12 and not less than 1 month prior to collection
- no other animal present in the artificial insemination centre has been vaccinated
within the month prior to collection;
- the semen:
- was collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of either
Appendix 3.2.1. or Appendix 3.2.3.;
- was subjected, with negative results, to a virus isolation test if the donor
animal has been vaccinated within the 12 months prior to collection;
- was stored for a period of at least one month between collection and export,
and during this period no animal on the establishment where the donor animals were
kept showed any sign of FMD.
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Article 2.1.1.16.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones (where vaccination either is or is not
practised), Veterinary Administrations should require:
for in vivo derived embryos of cattle
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor females:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD at the time of collection of the embryos;
- were kept in an establishment located in a country or zone free from FMD
at the time of collection;
- the embryos were collected, processed and stored in conformity with the
provisions of Appendix 3.3.1. or Appendix 3.3.9., as relevant.
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Article 2.1.1.17.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for in vivo derived embryos of cattle
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the donor females:
- showed no clinical sign of FMD at the time of collection of the embryos;
- were kept in an establishment where no animal had been added in the
30 days before collection, and that FMD has not occurred within 10 kilometres
for the 30 days before and after collection;
- the embryos were collected, processed and stored in conformity with the provisions of
Appendix 3.3.1. or Appendix 3.3.9., as relevant.
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Article 2.1.1.18.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is not practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for fresh meat of FMD susceptible animals
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
entire consignment of meat comes from animals:
- which have been kept in the country or zone since birth, or have been imported from a
country or zone free from FMD;
- which have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir and have been subjected to
ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results.
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Article 2.1.1.19.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for fresh meat of bovines (excluding feet, head and viscera)
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
entire consignment of meat:
- comes from animals which:
- have remained in the exporting free country or zone for at least 3 months
prior to slaughter;
- have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir (located in the free zone,
when the animals originate from such a zone) and have been subjected to ante-mortem and
post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results;
- comes from deboned carcasses:
- from which the major lymphatic glands have been removed;
- which, prior to deboning, have been submitted to maturation at a temperature
above + 2°C for a minimum period of 24 hours following slaughter, and in which
the pH value of the meat was below 6.0 when tested in the middle of both the longissimus
dorsi.
If the meat is to be imported into a country or a zone of equivalent FMD status or into
an infected country in which the virus types used in the vaccines are the same, the
maturation and deboning processes may not be required.
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Article 2.1.1.20.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones where vaccination is practised, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for fresh meat or meat products of pigs and ruminants other than
bovines
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
entire consignment of meat comes from animals:
- which have been kept in the country or zone since birth, or have been imported from a
country or zone free from FMD (where vaccination either is or is not practised);
- which have not been vaccinated;
- which have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir (located in the free zone,
when the animals originate from such a zone) and have been subjected to ante-mortem and
post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable results.
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Article 2.1.1.21.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, where an official control
programme exists, involving compulsory systematic vaccination of cattle, Veterinary
Administrations should require:
for fresh meat of bovines (excluding feet, head and viscera)
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
entire consignment of meat:
- comes from animals which:
- have remained in the exporting country for at least 3 months prior
to slaughter;
- have remained, during this period, in a part of the country where cattle are
regularly vaccinated against FMD and where official controls are in operation;
- have been vaccinated at least twice with the last vaccination not more than
12 months and not less than 1 month prior to slaughter;
- were kept for the past 30 days in an establishment, and that FMD
has not occurred within 10 kilometers during that period;
- have been transported, in a vehicle which was cleansed and disinfected
before the cattle were loaded, directly from the establishment of origin to the approved
abattoir without coming into contact with other animals which do not fulfil the
required conditions for export;
- have been slaughtered in an approved abattoir:
- which is officially designated for export;
- in which no FMD has been detected during the period between the last disinfection
carried out before slaughter and the shipment for export has been dispatched;
- have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem inspections for FMD with favourable
results within 24 hours before and after slaughter;
- comes from deboned carcasses:
- from which the major lymphatic glands have been removed;
- which, prior to deboning, have been submitted to maturation at a temperature
above + 2°C for a minimum period of 24 hours following slaughter and in which
the pH value was below 6.0 when tested in the middle of both the longissimus
dorsi.
[Note: Article 2.1.1.21. should also apply when meat is to be imported from an
infected country into another infected country, in order to prevent the introduction of
new strains of FMD virus.]
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Article 2.1.1.22.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for meat products of domestic ruminants and pigs
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- the entire consignment of meat comes from animals which have been slaughtered in
an approved abattoir and have been subjected to ante-mortem and post-mortem
inspections for FMD with favourable results;
- the meat has been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in
conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.1.;
- the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the meat
products with any potential source of FMD virus.
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Article 2.1.1.23.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones (where vaccination either is or is not
practised), Veterinary Administrations should require:
for milk and milk products intended for human consumption and for products
of animal origin (from FMD susceptible animals) intended for use in animal feeding or
for agricultural or industrial use
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these
products come from animals which have been kept in the country or zone since birth, or
which have been imported from an FMD free country or zone (where vaccination either is or
is not practised).
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Article 2.1.1.24.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for milk and cream
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- these products:
- originate from herds or flocks which were not subjected to any restrictions due
to FMD at the time of milk collection;
- have been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity
with one of the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.5. and in
Article 3.6.2.6.;
- the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the products
with any potential source of FMD virus.
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Article 2.1.1.25.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for milk powder and milk products
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- these products are derived from milk complying with the above requirements;
- the necessary precautions were taken after processing to avoid contact of the milk
powder or the milk products with any potential source of FMD virus.
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Article 2.1.1.26.
When importing from FMD infected countries, Veterinary Administrations should
require:
for blood and meat-meals (from domestic or wild ruminants and pigs)
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that the
manufacturing method for these products included heating to a minimum internal temperature
of 70°C for at least 30 minutes.
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Article 2.1.1.27.
When importing from FMD infected countries, Veterinary Administrations should
require:
for wool, hair, bristles, raw hides and skins (from domestic or wild ruminants
and pigs)
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that:
- these products have been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in
conformity with one of the procedures referred to in Articles 3.6.2.2., 3.6.2.3. and
3.6.2.4.;
- the necessary precautions were taken after collection or processing to avoid contact of
the products with any potential source of FMD virus.
Veterinary Administrations can authorise, without restriction, the import or
transit through their territory of semi-processed hides and skins (limed hides, pickled
pelts, and semi-processed leather - e.g. wet blue and crust leather), provided that these
products have been submitted to the usual chemical and mechanical processes in use in the
tanning industry.
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Article 2.1.1.28.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for straw and forage
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these
articles:
- have been subjected:
- either to the action of steam in a closed chamber for at least 10 minutes and
at a minimum temperature of 80°C,
- or to the action of formalin fumes (formaldehyde gas) produced by its
commercial solution at 35-40% in a chamber kept closed for at least 8 hours and at a
minimum temperature of 19°C;
OR
- have been kept in bond for at least 3 months (under study)
before being released for exportation.
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Article 2.1.1.29.
When importing from FMD free countries or zones (where vaccination either is or is not
practised), Veterinary Administrations should require:
for skins and trophies derived from wild animals susceptible to FMD
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these
products are derived from animals that have been kept in such a country or zone since
birth, or which have been imported from a country or zone free of FMD (where vaccination
either is or is not practised).
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Article 2.1.1.30.
When importing from FMD infected countries or zones, Veterinary Administrations
should require:
for skins and trophies derived from wild animals susceptible to FMD
the presentation of an international veterinary certificate attesting that these
products have been processed to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus in conformity with
the procedures referred to in Article 3.6.2.7.
[Note: International veterinary certificates for animal products coming from
infected countries or zones may not be required if the products are transported in an
approved manner to premises controlled and approved by the Veterinary Administration
of the importing country for processing to ensure the destruction of the FMD virus
in conformity with the procedures referred to in Articles 3.6.2.2., 3.6.2.3. and
3.6.2.4.]" |