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| Diseases / List of Parasitic Diseases / Disease description: |
Ocular Nematode Infection in Waterfowl |
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General and References
Disease Summary |
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| WATERFOWL | Nematode worm infection of the eye causing irritation and inflammation. |
Alternative Names (Synonyms) |
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Disease Type |
| Viral |
Infectious/Non-Infectious Agent associated with the Disease |
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| Nematode worm Oxyspirura mansoni. | |
Infective "Taxa" |
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Non-infective agents |
-- |
Physical agents |
-- Indirect / Secondary |
Disease Author |
Debra Bourne |
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Major References / Reviews |
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Code and Title List |
B13.46.w1, B16.19.w1, B24, B32.33.w13 P4.1992.w1 |
Other References |
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Code and Title List |
B91 |
Clinical Characteristics and Pathology
Detailed Clinical and Pathological Characteristics |
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General |
WATERFOWL | Ophthalmitis: inflamed and irritated eye. |
Clinical
Characteristics |
WATERFOWL | Conjunctivitis and excessive lachrymation (eyes watery and inflamed), third eyelid (nictitating membrane) swollen and inflamed and often in constant motion. Blepharitis (excessive blinking), although later eyelids may become stuck together with cheesy white material beneath them. Can progress to destruction of the eyeball (P4.1992.w1, B13.46.w1, B16.19.w1, B24, B32.33.w13). |
Incubation |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Mortality / Morbidity |
WATERFOWL | Rare disease (B13.46.w1). |
Pathology |
WATERFOWL | Conjunctivitis, nictitating membrane swollen and inflamed, eyelids may be stuck together with cheesy white material beneath them. Can progress to destruction of the eyeball (P4.1992.w1, B13.46.w1, B16.19.w1, B24, B32.33.w13). |
Human Health Considerations |
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Susceptibility / Transmission
General information on Susceptibility / Transmission |
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| WATERFOWL | |
Disease / Agent has been reported in either the wild or in captivity in: |
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WATERFOWL Host Species List |
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Disease / Agent has been specifically reported in Free-ranging populations of: |
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| -- | |
WATERFOWL Host Species List |
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Environment/Geography
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General Information on Environmental Factors/Events and Seasonality |
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Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded |
| Parasite occurs in many countries (B24). |
Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded in Free-ranging populations |
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General Investigation / Diagnosis
General Information on Investigation / Diagnosis |
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| WATERFOWL | Clinical signs, presence of slender, thread-like worms, 10-19mm long in the eye: N.B. worms may no longer be present once the disease has progressed to severe clinical signs (B13.46.w1, B16.19.w1, B24, B32.33.w1). |
| Related Techniques |
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Similar Diseases (Differential Diagnosis) |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
Treatment and Control
Specific Medical Treatment |
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| WATERFOWL | |
| Related Techniques |
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General Nursing and Surgical Techniques |
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| WATERFOWL | Removal of worms manually, irrigation of the eye to flush out worms (B13.6.w1, B16.19.w1). |
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Preventative Measures |
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| Vaccination | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Prophylactic Treatment | WATERFOWL |
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| Related Techniques | -- |
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Environmental and Population Control Measures |
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| General Environment Changes, Cleaning and Disinfection | WATERFOWL |
General improvement of hygiene. Control of the intermediate host, the cockroach Pycnoscelus (Leucophaea) surinamensis (B24, B32.33.w13) |
| Population Control Measures | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Isolation, Quarantine and Screening | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques |
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