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| Diseases / List of Physical / Traumatic Diseases / Disease description: |
Salt Encrustation in Waterfowl |
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General and References
Disease Summary |
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| WATERFOWL | Accumulation of salt on the feathers; may become a heavy burden sufficient to prevent flight. Death may result from salt poisoning, drowning, myopathy or combinations of these. |
Alternative Names (Synonyms) |
Disease Type |
| Physical / Traumatic |
Infectious/Non-Infectious Agent associated with the Disease |
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Infective "Taxa" |
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Non-infective agents |
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Physical agents |
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Disease Author |
Debra Bourne |
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Major References / Reviews |
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Code and Title List |
B15, B36.47.w47 J1.23.w2, J1.23.w3 |
Other References |
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Code and Title List |
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Clinical Characteristics and Pathology
Detailed Clinical and Pathological Characteristics |
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General |
WATERFOWL | Gross salt crystal accumulation on feathers, ocular irritation, other signs depending on secondary problems. |
Clinical
Characteristics |
WATERFOWL | Gross salt accumulation on feathers, sometimes also on bill. This may be considerable, e.g. 3kg of salt crystals on one goose. May be unable to fly. May be found dead with salt and ice adherent to feathers, frozen onto ice or even within a salt crystal layer on the lake bottom (J1.23.w2, J1.23.w3). |
Incubation |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Mortality / Morbidity |
WATERFOWL | -- |
Pathology |
WATERFOWL | Carcass covered with adherent salt crystals. Other lesions depend on proximate cause of death, e.g. lesions of drowning (Drowning), myopathy (Capture Myopathy) or salt poisoning (Salt Poisoning) (J1.23.w2, J1.23.w3, B15, B36.47.w47). |
Human Health Considerations |
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Susceptibility / Transmission
General information on Susceptibility / Transmission |
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| WATERFOWL | Mainly seen in diving ducks, but other species such as geese may also be affected (B15, B36.47.w47). |
Disease has been reported in either the wild or in captivity in: |
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[N.B.
Miscellaneous / Traumatic Diseases tend to be under-reported and the majority are
likely to affect all waterfowl species, given exposure to the related disease
agents/factors.]
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Host Species List |
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Disease has been specifically reported in Free-ranging populations of: |
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Host Species List |
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Environment/Geography
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General Information on Environmental Factors/Events and Seasonality |
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Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded |
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| North America (J1.23.w2, J1.23.w3, B36.47.w47). | |
Country List |
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Regions / Countries where the Infectious Agent or Disease has been recorded in Free-ranging populations |
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| North America (J1.23.w2, J1.23.w3, B36.47.w47). | |
Country List |
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General Investigation / Diagnosis
General Information on Investigation / Diagnosis |
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| WATERFOWL | Presence of saline water, gross salt encrustation, lesions suggestive of secondary related problems (myopathy, drowning, salt poisoning, lack of lesions indication other cause of death (B36.47.w47). |
| Related Techniques | -- |
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Similar Diseases (Differential Diagnosis) |
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| WATERFOWL | See Capture Myopathy, Drowning, Salt Poisoning. |
Treatment and Control
Specific Medical Treatment |
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| WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques | -- |
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General Nursing and Surgical Techniques |
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| WATERFOWL | |
| Related Techniques |
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Preventative Measures |
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| Vaccination | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Prophylactic Treatment | WATERFOWL |
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| Related Techniques | -- |
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Environmental and Population Control Measures |
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| General Environment Changes, Cleaning and Disinfection | WATERFOWL |
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| Population Control Measures | WATERFOWL | Theoretically, discourage use of hypersaline lakes in autumn; this is unlikely to be practical (J1.23.w2). |
| Isolation, Quarantine and Screening | WATERFOWL | -- |
| Related Techniques |
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