Citrinin Toxicity (Mycotoxicosis) in Waterfowl

• Penicillium spp.
• Aspergillus spp.

• Citrinin

• This disease is a nephrotoxicity.
• A single toxic dose of Citrinin may cause acute effects: watery droppings and polydipsia (increased drinking), weight loss, decreased activity, sternal recumbency, coma and death. Reduced weight gain has been observed with subacute to chronic levels citrinin in the diet.

ACUTE PATHOLOGY:

• Lymphoid tissues - lymphocyte necrosis and depletion in thymus and bursa of Fabricius.
• Kidneys - necrotic renal tubules and dilated renal tubules mainly in the medullary area.

SUBACUTE TO CHRONIC PATHOLOGY:

Kidneys - nephropathy: degeneration, necrosis, mineralization, and regeneration of both cortical and medullary tubular epithelial cells, interstitial fibrosis, focal interstitial nephritis.

(J6.12.w2, J6.13.w5, B32.36.w29).

• The toxin dosage required to produce toxic effects was greater than concentrations that have been found in grains and feeds (J6.13.w5).
• Some fungi which produce citrinin also produce other mycotoxins, including ochratoxin (Ochratoxicosis (Mycotoxicosis)), which are also nephrotoxic (B32.36.w29).

• Physical Examination - General
• Necropsy - General
• Treatment and Care - General
• Preventative Medicine for Birds - General
• Environmental and Population Management - General
• Chapter 2 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen Collection and Preservation
• Chapter 3 - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Specimen shipment
• Appendix A - B36 Field Manual of Wildlife Diseases - Sample specimen history form

• Waterfowl

• Anas platyrhynchos domesticus - Domestic duck