| Kingdoms / Animalia / Craniata / Aves / Anseriformes / Anatidae / Anas / Species |
| < > Anas sparsa - African black duck (Click photographs/illustrations: full picture & further details) |
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Alternative Names (Synonyms) |
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| Black river duck Black duck Canard noir (French) Canard noir dAfrique (French) Schwarzente (German) Anade negro (Spanish) Pato negro africano (Spanish) West African black duck (Anas sparsa leucostigma) Ethiopian black duck (Anas sparsa leucostigma) Abyssinian black duck (Anas sparsa leucostigma) South African black duck (Anas sparsa sparsa) Gabon black duck Anas sparsa maclatchyi = Anas sparsa leucostigma. Melananas sparsa Speculanas sparsa |
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Names for newly-hatched |
Duckling, downy. |
Names for non-breeding males or other colour-phases |
Eclipse |
Species Author |
Debra Bourne |
Major References |
B1, B3, B5, B8, B25, B26. Aviculture references: |
Other References |
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TAXA Group (where information has been collated for an entire group on a modular basis) |
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Parent Group |
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Specific Needs Group referenced in Management Techniques |
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Aviculture Information |
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Notes |
General Information:
(B7, B29, B30, B40, B94, B128.w1, D1) Species-specific information:
(J23.13.w7, B29, B30, B128.w2, D1). Aviornis UK Ringing Scheme recommended average ring size: L 11.0mm (D8). |
Management Techniques |
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External Appearance (Morphology)
Measurement & Weight |
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| Length | 20-23 inches, 51-58cm (B1, B3). | |
| Adult weight | General | 952-1077g (B1). |
| Male | One male weighed 2.4 lbs. (B8). | |
| Female | 952-1077g (B3); Four females ranged from 1.8-2.4 lbs. (B8). | |
| Newly-hatched weight | -- | |
| Growth rate | -- | |
| Adult | Bill | Male | Anas sparsa sparsa: Blue grey, with nail and part of culmen (dorsal stripe) black. |
| Variations (If present) | Anas sparsa leucostigma: Pinkish with nail and part of culmen (dorsal stripe) black. | ||
| Eyes (Iris) | Male | Brown. | |
| Variations(If present) | -- | ||
| Juvenile | Bill | Dusky grey. | |
| Eyes (Iris) | Brown. | ||
| Adult | Male | Brownish yellow to orange-yellow. |
| Variations (If present) | -- | |
| Juvenile | Brownish yellow to orange-yellow. | |
| Adult | Male | Black-brown with upperparts, rear flanks, ventral region and tail having white/buff barring (bold bars on scapulars and tertials). Primaries plain brown, secondaries metallic blue-green with black then white tips, greater coverts have white-then-black tips (speculum bordered by white and black anterior and posterior stripes). |
| Variations (If present) | Anas sparsa leucostigma barring buff rather than than white/buff. | |
| Juvenile | Plainer brown, upperparts markings buff if present, dusky whitish abdomen. | |
Newly-hatched Characteristics |
| General: Upperparts
black with three pairs pale yellow spots, underparts, chin, throat and foreneck white,
dark breast band, sides of head yellow with two parallel black lines, one through eye,
other lower. Bill: Dark grey. Feet: Brownish. |
Reproductive Season |
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| Time of year | Variation depending on location. July-February in South Africa, January-July in Ethiopia. |
| No. of Clutches | May re-nest if brood is lost. |
Nest placement and structure |
| On an island or close to running water, on the ground in driftwood, reedbeds or grassy riverbanks, sometimes in tree hole; nest has thick down lining. |
Egg clutches |
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| No. of Eggs | Average | -- |
| Range | 4-8 (B1); 4-9 (B8) | |
| Egg Description | Light cream to buff (B8). Size: 59 x 45mm, weight: 68g (B3). | |
| About 28 days (B1); 28-30 days (B8). |
| Synchronous. |
| About 86 days (B1); 63-80 days (B8). |
Sexual Maturity |
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| Males | -- |
| Females | -- |
Feeding Behaviour |
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| Adults | Dabbles at surface, head-dips, upends. Also dive in the rapids of fast streams. |
| Newly-hatched | -- |
Parental Behaviour |
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| Nest-building | Nest as solitary pairs. |
| Incubation | By female. |
| Newly-hatched | Tended by female, for the first week may be brooded on the nest at night or in bad weather. |
| Juveniles | Disperse one or two months after fledging. |
Social Behaviour |
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| Intra-specific | Only found as pairs or small (family) groups. |
| Inter-specific | -- |
Sexual Behaviour |
| Pair bonds are strong and may last two years or more. |
Predation in Wild |
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| Juveniles and non-breeding adults may move to open waters to roost at night. | |
| Circadian | Basically diurnal. |
| Omnivorous, mainly carnivorous. Insect larvae, pupae, small fish, also weeds and aquatic vegetation. |
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Distribution and Movement (Migration etc.) |
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| Normal | Anas sparsa leucostigma
(Ethiopian black duck) western Equatorial Africa, East Africa south to Zimbabwe. Anas sparsa sparsa (South African black duck) southern Africa, south of Zimbabwe. |
| Occasional and Accidental | -- |
| Introduced | -- |
| Mountainous fast-flowing streams and rivers in wooded areas, but also lakes, lagoons, reservoirs in open country. |
Intraspecific variation |
| Ethiopian black duck (Anas sparsa
leucostigma). South African black duck (Anas sparsa sparsa). |
Conservation Status |
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| Wild Population - (Importance) |
Not threatened, widespread (B1). |
| CITES listing | -- |
| Red-data book listing | -- |
| Threats | -- |
Captive Populations |
| Reasonably represented in collections (Anas sparsa sparsa - South African black duck), but only a few Anas sparsa leucostigma (Ethiopian black duck) (B8). |
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